A 22-year-old patient who uses IV drugs presents with intermittent fever with chills, night sweats, weakness, and bloody urine for the past three weeks. On examination, the skin shows pinpoint hemanthages. The echocardiogram shows abnormal growths on the heart valves.
Which condition is indicated by this patient's presentation?
Mitral stenosis
Angina pectoris
Aortic insufficiency
Infective endocarditis
The Correct Answer is D
A. Mitral stenosis:
Mitral stenosis is narrowing of the mitral valve, often due to rheumatic heart disease, not IV drug use or infection.
B. Angina pectoris:
Angina is chest pain due to ischemia, not infection or vegetation on heart valves.
C. Aortic insufficiency:
Aortic insufficiency is leakage of the aortic valve, leading to volume overload, not typically associated with infection and petechiae.
D. Infective endocarditis:
IV drug users are at high risk for infective endocarditis. Symptoms include fever, chills, weakness, petechiae, and vegetations seen on echocardiogram.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Mitral stenosis:
Mitral stenosis is narrowing of the mitral valve, often due to rheumatic heart disease, not IV drug use or infection.
B. Angina pectoris:
Angina is chest pain due to ischemia, not infection or vegetation on heart valves.
C. Aortic insufficiency:
Aortic insufficiency is leakage of the aortic valve, leading to volume overload, not typically associated with infection and petechiae.
D. Infective endocarditis:
IV drug users are at high risk for infective endocarditis. Symptoms include fever, chills, weakness, petechiae, and vegetations seen on echocardiogram.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hydration:
Important for general kidney function but not a treatment for cancer.
B. Antibiotics:
Used for infections, not malignancies.
C. Dietary restriction:
Diet adjustments may be needed for kidney disease but do not treat renal cancer.
D. Targeted therapy:
Targeted drugs (like tyrosine kinase inhibitors) block cancer cell growth specifically in renal cell carcinoma.
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