A 75-year-old patient presents with dyspnea and coughing for the past two days. The patient's physical exam shows jugular venous distention and pitting edema. The patient is admitted, and the physician orders an echocardiogram, diuretics, and a cardiac diet.
Which condition does this describe?
Lymphedema
Congestive heart failure
Endocarditis
Atrial fibrillation
The Correct Answer is B
A. Lymphedema:
Lymphedema is localized fluid accumulation due to lymphatic obstruction, usually unilateral and not associated with dyspnea or heart failure signs.
B. Congestive heart failure (CHF):
CHF leads to fluid buildup (causing JVD, edema) and respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea) due to impaired heart pumping.
C. Endocarditis:
Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves, presenting more with fever, murmurs, and embolic signs, not classic CHF symptoms.
D. Atrial fibrillation:
AFib causes irregular heart rhythm, and may contribute to CHF, but on its own, AFib doesn’t cause pitting edema and JVD without underlying CHF.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. They bind to infected cells and are activated by cytokines:
This describes cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ cells), which kill infected cells, not helper T cells.
B. They activate B cells and produce small cells called cytokines:
Helper T cells (CD4+ cells) stimulate B cells to produce antibodies and secrete cytokines to coordinate the immune response.
C. They destroy infected cells by producing proteins targeting cell membranes:
Again, this is the role of cytotoxic T cells, not helper T cells.
D. They are non-responsive during active infections:
Helper T cells are highly active during infections, directing other immune cells. They are not non-responsive.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A type of cell that makes hormones and enzymes:
This describes endocrine cells, not B cells. Hormones and enzymes are produced by specialized glandular tissues.
B. Cells that eat pathogens and destroy them:
This describes phagocytes like macrophages and neutrophils, not B cells.
C. A type of white blood cell that makes antibodies:
B cells are lymphocytes that are part of the adaptive immune system and produce antibodies to target specific antigens.
D. Cells that release histamine during the inflammatory response:
This describes mast cells and basophils, which release histamine to promote inflammation, not B cells.to promote inflammation, not B cells.
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