A 75-year-old patient presents with dyspnea and coughing for the past two days. The patient's physical exam shows jugular venous distention and pitting edema. The patient is admitted, and the physician orders an echocardiogram, diuretics, and a cardiac diet.
Which condition does this describe?
Lymphedema
Congestive heart failure
Endocarditis
Atrial fibrillation
The Correct Answer is B
A. Lymphedema:
Lymphedema is localized fluid accumulation due to lymphatic obstruction, usually unilateral and not associated with dyspnea or heart failure signs.
B. Congestive heart failure (CHF):
CHF leads to fluid buildup (causing JVD, edema) and respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea) due to impaired heart pumping.
C. Endocarditis:
Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves, presenting more with fever, murmurs, and embolic signs, not classic CHF symptoms.
D. Atrial fibrillation:
AFib causes irregular heart rhythm, and may contribute to CHF, but on its own, AFib doesn’t cause pitting edema and JVD without underlying CHF.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Glaucoma:
Glaucoma is caused by increased IOP, which damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss.
B. Cataracts:
Cataracts involve clouding of the lens, not elevated pressure or optic nerve damage.
C. Retinal detachment:
Retinal detachment involves the separation of the retina from underlying tissue, usually resulting from trauma or degeneration, not from pressure.
D. Retinoblastoma:
Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the retina, typically seen in children, unrelated to IOP.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Lymphedema:
Lymphedema is localized fluid accumulation due to lymphatic obstruction, usually unilateral and not associated with dyspnea or heart failure signs.
B. Congestive heart failure (CHF):
CHF leads to fluid buildup (causing JVD, edema) and respiratory symptoms (cough, dyspnea) due to impaired heart pumping.
C. Endocarditis:
Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves, presenting more with fever, murmurs, and embolic signs, not classic CHF symptoms.
D. Atrial fibrillation:
AFib causes irregular heart rhythm, and may contribute to CHF, but on its own, AFib doesn’t cause pitting edema and JVD without underlying CHF.
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