A 3-year-old patient is diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. An intervention that is important for management of symptoms as well as prevention of complications is:
aspirin.
corticosteroids.
penicillin.
acetaminophen.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Aspirin is the mainstay of treatment in Kawasaki disease. It serves two critical purposes: reducing inflammation and fever, and preventing coronary artery aneurysms by inhibiting platelet aggregation. High doses are used initially for anti-inflammatory effects, followed by lower doses for antiplatelet therapy.
B. Corticosteroids may be considered in refractory cases but are not first-line therapy for all patients.
C. Penicillin is not used, as Kawasaki disease is not caused by a bacterial infection.
D. Acetaminophen can reduce fever and discomfort but does not prevent cardiovascular complications and is therefore not sufficient as primary therapy.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Intra-articular corticosteroid injections are generally reserved for persistent or severe cases that do not respond to conservative therapy; they are not first-line.
B. COX-2 inhibitors are a type of NSAID but are not typically first-line due to cost and cardiovascular risk considerations in otherwise healthy adolescents.
C. Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, are the initial pharmacologic treatment for epicondylitis. They reduce inflammation and relieve pain, complementing rest, activity modification, and physical therapy.
D. Oral acetaminophen with codeine is not recommended initially due to risks of opioid use, side effects, and limited anti-inflammatory effects.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The plantar grasp reflex is elicited by stroking the sole of the infant’s foot, causing the toes to curl, not the fingers.
B. The palmar grasp reflex is tested by placing a finger in the infant’s palm, resulting in flexion of all fingers to grasp it. This reflex is present at birth and typically disappears by 5–6 months of age.
C. The Landau reflex involves the infant lifting the head and arching the back when held prone, unrelated to grasping.
D. The Galant reflex is elicited by stroking the lateral trunk, causing the infant to laterally flex toward the stimulus; it does not involve hand grasping.
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