A 35-year-old White man with a history of diabetes presents to the nurse practitioner with complaints of headache, blurred vision, eye strain, and "floaters." He has been told it's "all in his head" and that he should see a psychiatrist. Which of the following manifestations is considered the primary indicator of cataract formation in its early stage?
Blurred vision
Headache
Floaters
Eye strain
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Blurred vision is the hallmark early symptom of cataract formation. It results from the clouding of the lens, which scatters light and reduces visual clarity. Patients often describe difficulty reading, glare sensitivity, and needing more light for tasks.
Choice B reason: Headache is not a typical symptom of cataracts. It may occur with other ocular conditions like glaucoma or refractive errors but is not a primary indicator of lens opacity.
Choice C reason: Floaters are associated with vitreous degeneration or retinal detachment, not cataracts. They appear as spots or threads in the visual field and are unrelated to lens changes.
Choice D reason: Eye strain may occur with uncorrected refractive errors or prolonged screen use but is not a defining feature of cataracts. It lacks the specificity and diagnostic relevance of blurred vision.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: While pain and pallor are features of compartment syndrome, the inability to perform passive movements is not a hallmark sign. In fact, pain with passive movement is more indicative of increased intracompartmental pressure. This choice omits critical signs such as paresthesia and pulselessness, which are essential for diagnosis.
Choice B reason: This option includes pain and weakness, which may be present, but again lacks the specificity of pain with passive movement and the full spectrum of neurovascular compromise. Weakness alone is not sufficient to confirm compartment syndrome, and the absence of paresthesia and pulselessness makes this choice incomplete.
Choice C reason: This choice correctly lists the classic “5 P’s” of acute compartment syndrome: pain, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, and pallor. These signs reflect severe neurovascular compromise due to increased pressure within the compartment. Pain is typically out of proportion to the injury and worsens with passive stretch. Pulselessness and paralysis are late findings, indicating advanced ischemia.
Choice D reason: Pain with passive movement is a key early sign of compartment syndrome, but the inability to perform active movement and weakness alone do not encompass the full clinical picture. This option lacks paresthesia and pulselessness, which are critical for diagnosis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Absence of asymmetry reduces suspicion for melanoma. Malignant lesions are often asymmetric, meaning one half does not match the other. A symmetric mole is less concerning.
Choice B reason: A regular border is typical of benign lesions. Irregular, notched, or poorly defined borders raise concern for malignancy. Since the border is not irregular, this feature does not support melanoma.
Choice C reason: Color variation, especially with blue, black, or multiple tones within a single lesion, is a hallmark of malignant melanoma. Uneven pigmentation suggests abnormal melanocyte activity and warrants further evaluation.
Choice D reason: A diameter of 1 cm is borderline. Lesions larger than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser) are considered suspicious, but size alone is not diagnostic. Color variation is more specific in this context.
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