A 37-year-old White man presents to the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) with suspected conversion disorder. According to Erikson, the development of conversion disorder is associated with failure to resolve which psychosocial developmental stage?
Industry vs. Inferiority
Initiative vs. Guilt
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Industry vs. Inferiority is typically resolved in school-aged children and focuses on competence and achievement, not directly linked to conversion disorder.
Choice B reason: Initiative vs. Guilt occurs during early childhood, when children develop purpose and the ability to initiate activities. Failure to resolve this stage may manifest as somatic symptoms or conversion-like behaviors in adulthood.
Choice C reason: Identity vs. Role Confusion occurs during adolescence, involving self-concept formation; its failure is associated with role confusion, not typically conversion disorder.
Choice D reason: Intimacy vs. Isolation is relevant to young adulthood, focusing on forming close relationships; failure here is associated with social isolation rather than somatic symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Herbal therapy involves ingestion of plant-based remedies, whereas this patient is using inhalation for relaxation.
Choice B reason: Supplements refer to ingestible vitamins or minerals, not inhaled essential oils.
Choice C reason: Vitamins are micronutrients taken orally for nutritional purposes, not for relaxation via olfactory stimulation.
Choice D reason: Aromatherapy uses essential oils to promote physical and psychological well-being through scent, which is exactly the method employed by this patient.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Low CSF 5HIAA has been studied in relation to mood disorders, but the association with depression is inconsistent and not considered a primary biomarker.
Choice B reason: This is correct. CSF 5HIAA is a metabolite of serotonin, and low levels are strongly associated with impulsive and aggressive behaviors. Serotonin dysregulation can impair inhibitory control and emotional regulation, leading to increased risk of impulsive aggression and violent behavior.
Choice C reason: Chronic fatigue syndrome is not linked to CSF 5HIAA levels; its etiology involves multifactorial immunologic and neurologic factors.
Choice D reason: Bipolar disorder involves mood dysregulation with episodes of mania and depression. CSF 5HIAA levels are not reliably predictive of bipolar disorder or its clinical course.
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