A 41-year-old man complains of right ear pain, difficulty closing his right eye, and drooping of the right side of his face. He finds that his right ear is sensitive to loud, low-frequency sounds. When a small spoonful of sugar is applied to the right side of his tongue, he says that it tastes like sand. The physical examination identifies right-sided weakness of the upper and lower face. The patient's symptoms started 2 days ago. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment at this time?

The PMHNP has diagnosed a 9-year-old boy with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is prescribing medication. As she discusses the medication with the mother, she can see the mother is becoming visibly anxious. What does the PMHNP do next?

A 4-year-old child is preoccupied with her mother's breasts and frequently wants to gently pat them with her hands. Her mother does not visibly react to this; instead, she redirects the child to another activity. The mother is worried that if she shames her daughter about the breast patting, it might "mess her up somehow." According to Erikson, the child's behavior is considered:

A 30-year-old woman who has tried for a year to become pregnant presents to the nurse practitioner, who diagnoses cervical stenosis as the probable cause of her infertility. Which is the most appropriate treatment?

A 24-year-old man presents to the PMHNP with complaints of worsening mental health symptoms after an extended period of isolation during COVID-19 quarantine. He now reports inability to go grocery shopping, use public transportation, or leave home on most days, due to fear of being unable to obtain help if he experiences an "anxiety attack." Which of the following most accurately describes his condition?

The parents of a 14-year-old female high school freshman bring her to the PMHNP for an evaluation. They believe she should be doing better in high school due to her "gifted" status. They state that she has a formal IQ score of 125 and that her grades were mostly As through 5th grade. Now, she hands in her papers late and her grades are dropping to mostly Bs and Cs. During her psychiatric evaluation, the girl reports that high school is different from elementary school and junior high because now she has to write papers. She says she often turns them in late due to procrastination and forgetfulness. She reports a long history of inability to sustain attention while in class or doing homework, failure to pay attention to details or finish chores or tasks, significant difficulties with time management, planning, and organization. She is forgetful, often loses things, and is easily distracted. She has no history of restlessness or impulsivity, and she is popular with her peers. What is the most likely diagnosis?

The PMHNP is evaluating a 4-year-old boy who is brought in by his foster mother. The child has been living with her for 1 week, and she is concerned about this behavior. Staff at the day care center he attends report that he displays fear unrelated to particular activities. Even when distressed, he does not seek comfort in, nor respond to, any staff members. What additional information about this child would be important in determining whether his symptoms represent reactive attachment disorder (RAD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

A PMHNP uses the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) to aid in the diagnosis of an 8-year-old boy. She asks the parents to leave the room while she conducts the exam. The parents are hesitant to leave their child and want to know why it is important to leave him alone during the exam. What is the PMHNP's most appropriate response?

A 36-year-old woman of Chinese descent presents to the PMHNP after a referral from her primary care physician, who has worked up her physical complaints. These physical complaints include headaches, dizziness, and abdominal pain. The patient says she also experiences insomnia, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, and fatigue. These symptoms started approximately 6 months ago, after her husband had an affair, which he ended. She is also under stress at work, since she just received a promotion. Which culture-bound syndrome should the PMHNP include in the differential diagnosis?

A 29-year-old nurse presents to the PMHNP for evaluation after a traumatic event. Two weeks ago, she was attacked by a patient on the behavioral unit where she works. She says she is having flashbacks about the event and keeps wondering "what could I have done to prevent it?" She has had several panic attacks since the incident, and she is to the point now where she is considering quitting nursing. She says, "I guess I am too weak to be a nurse if I can't handle one attack." What is her most likely diagnosis?

The pathophysiology of anxiety disorders is thought to result from which area of the brain?