A 49-year-old woman is diagnosed with Sjogren syndrome following complaints of a foreign body sensation in her eyes and a dry mouth. Which one of the following is NOT characteristic of Sjogren syndrome?
Increased risk for beta cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
The female: male incidence is approximately 9:1
White people in North America are affected at much higher rates than in other parts of the world
Biopsy of the minor salivary glands is the ideal test to confirm the diagnosis of Sjogren syndrome
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Sjogren syndrome is associated with an increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, particularly B-cell lymphomas, due to chronic autoimmune stimulation of lymphoid tissue. This is a recognized characteristic of the disease.
Choice B reason: The condition disproportionately affects females, with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 9:1. This is a well-established epidemiologic feature of Sjogren syndrome.
Choice C reason: Sjogren syndrome occurs worldwide and is not significantly more prevalent in White populations in North America compared to other regions. Suggesting a strong racial or geographic predilection is inaccurate, making this the correct answer to the question.
Choice D reason: Minor salivary gland biopsy is the gold standard diagnostic test for confirming Sjogren syndrome. The presence of focal lymphocytic sialadenitis supports the diagnosis and is considered an essential diagnostic tool.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is a qualitative, exploratory question about past experiences, not a numeric scaling question.
Choice B reason: This is correct. It asks the client to quantify their anxiety on a numerical scale, which is the essence of a scaling question.
Choice C reason: This is a comparative question about intensity, not a numeric rating, and does not establish a scale for monitoring progress.
Choice D reason: This is a miracle question exploring desired outcomes, not a scaling measure of current symptoms.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is correct. The patient demonstrates both obsessions (intrusive thoughts about knocking) and compulsions (repetitive checking behavior). The duration exceeds six months and causes functional impairment in sleep and work, fulfilling DSM-5 criteria for OCD.
Choice B reason: Generalized anxiety disorder involves excessive worry across multiple domains but does not include specific compulsive behaviors performed in response to intrusive thoughts.
Choice C reason: Schizophrenia is characterized by psychosis, including delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking. The patient recognizes that the knocking is imagined, which is inconsistent with schizophrenia.
Choice D reason: Agoraphobia involves fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult. The patient’s symptoms are not related to avoidance of public spaces or panic attacks in such settings.
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