A 68-year-old woman is in the eye clinic for a checkup. She tells the nurse that she has been having trouble reading the paper, sewing, and even seeing the faces of her grandchildren. On examination, the nurse notes that she has some loss of central vision but her peripheral vision is normal. What do these findings suggest?

Macular degeneration

Increased intraocular pressure or glaucoma

Vision that is normal for someone her age

The beginning stages of cataract formation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Macular degeneration: The loss of central vision while maintaining peripheral vision is characteristic of macular degeneration, a common age-related condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp and detailed vision. Patients with this condition often struggle with tasks that require fine visual acuity, such as reading or recognizing faces.

B. Increased intraocular pressure or glaucoma: Glaucoma typically causes peripheral vision loss rather than central vision loss. Patients may not notice changes in their vision until the disease has progressed significantly, making this option less likely given the patient's symptoms.

C. Vision that is normal for someone her age: While age-related changes in vision are common, the specific symptoms described—difficulty reading, sewing, and recognizing faces—indicate a significant problem rather than a normal aging process. Conditions like macular degeneration should be considered when central vision loss is present.

D. The beginning stages of cataract formation: Cataracts generally cause blurred vision, glare, and difficulty with night vision. They typically affect overall vision rather than causing specific central vision loss while preserving peripheral vision. Therefore, while cataracts are common in older adults, they do not align with the symptoms described in this case.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Palm: The palm of the hand is not ideal for palpating lymph nodes because it does not provide the fine sensitivity needed to detect subtle differences in size, texture, and tenderness.

B. Pads of fingers: The pads of the fingers are the best part of the hand to use when examining lymph nodes. This part allows for precise and gentle palpation, helping the nurse assess the size, consistency, and mobility of the lymph nodes effectively.

C. Base of hand: The base of the hand is less sensitive and not suitable for palpating lymph nodes as it provides less sensitivity compared to the pads of the fingers. The base of the hand is better suited for applying pressure during broader palpation techniques It does not provide the necessary tactile feedback for a thorough examination.

D. Ulnar surface: The ulnar surface of the hand is not typically used for palpation of lymph nodes. It is less sensitive compared to the pads of the fingers and is not appropriate for this examination.

A. VIII B. VI C. V D. VII

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. VIII: Cranial nerve VIII, also known as the vestibulocochlear nerve, is responsible for transmitting auditory information from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain, allowing for the perception of sound. It also plays a role in balance by carrying information from the vestibular apparatus regarding head position and movement.

B. VI: Cranial nerve VI, the abducens nerve, controls the lateral rectus muscle, which is responsible for outward eye movement. It does not have any function related to hearing.

C. V: Cranial nerve V, the trigeminal nerve, is primarily responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing. It does not conduct nerve impulses related to hearing.

D. VII: Cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve, controls muscles of facial expression and carries taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. While it has some minor roles in the auditory system (such as innervating the stapedius muscle), it is not primarily responsible for conducting nerve impulses related to hearing.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 33 year old patient presents with complaints of enlarged lymph nodes in their neck. The nurse will use which part of the hand to examine the lymph node size?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is reviewing the function of the cranial nerves (CNS). Which CN is responsible for conducting nerve impulses to the brain for hearing?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which sequence does the electrical stimulus of the cardiac cycle follow?

During an assessment, where would the nurse best auscultate for a tricuspid valve murmur?

The nurse is performing an otoscopic examination on an adult. Which of these actions is correct?

A patient has been diagnosed with strep throat. The nurse is aware that without treatment, which complication may occur?

When auscultating the lungs of an adult patient, the nurse notes that low-pitched, soft breath sounds are heard over the posterior lower lobes, with inspiration being longer than expiration. How should the nurse interpret these findings?

The sac that surrounds and protects the heart is called?

A patient comes to the clinic complaining of neck and shoulder pain and is unable to turn her head. Which nerve does the nurse suspect is damaged and how should the nurse proceed with the examination?