A 7-year-old child accidentally touches a hot stove, resulting in redness on his palm without blisters.
What type of burn is this?
First-degree burn.
Second-degree burn.
Third-degree burn.
Full-thickness burn.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
A first-degree burn involves only the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. It is characterized by redness (erythema), pain, and dryness, without the formation of blisters. The superficial damage affects the outer layer of epithelial cells, causing vasodilation and inflammation, leading to the observed redness and discomfort.
Choice B rationale
A second-degree burn involves the epidermis and a portion of the dermis, the layer beneath the epidermis. These burns are characterized by blisters, significant pain, redness, and swelling. The damage extends deeper into the skin, affecting nerve endings and blood vessels, leading to fluid leakage and blister formation.
Choice C rationale
A third-degree burn involves the destruction of the epidermis and the entire dermis, potentially extending into the subcutaneous tissue. These burns appear white or charred, are often painless initially due to nerve damage, and lack blisters. The full thickness destruction of skin layers impairs sensation and requires significant medical intervention, often including skin grafting.
Choice D rationale
Full-thickness burn is another term for a third-degree burn, indicating that all layers of the skin have been destroyed. This type of burn extends through the epidermis and dermis and may involve underlying subcutaneous tissue, muscle, or bone. The appearance is typically dry, leathery, and may be white, charred, or waxy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Pediculosis, an infestation of lice, is highly contagious through direct contact, especially head-to-head contact. Therefore, no precautions are insufficient to prevent the spread of lice to healthcare workers and other patients. Standard precautions are necessary.
Choice B rationale
Wearing a gown and hair cover is not typically required for routine care of a child with pediculosis. Standard precautions, including gloves to prevent direct contact with the child's hair and scalp, are generally sufficient. Gowns are usually indicated when there is a risk of contact with body fluids or secretions.
Choice C rationale
Isolating the child in a negative-pressure room is reserved for airborne infections, such as tuberculosis or measles. Pediculosis is transmitted through direct contact, not airborne droplets, so isolation in a negative-pressure room is unnecessary and inappropriate.
Choice D rationale
Wearing gloves is the appropriate nursing action when treating a hospitalized child with pediculosis. Gloves prevent direct contact with the lice and their eggs (nits) during examination and treatment of the scalp and hair, thus minimizing the risk of transmission to the healthcare worker. .
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
At 18 months, a toddler is typically able to build a tower of only two to three cubes with coordination and intentional stacking. Building a tower of six cubes requires more developed fine motor skills and spatial reasoning.
Choice B rationale
By 36 months (3 years), most children can build a tower of more than six cubes, often reaching eight or more. This age reflects significant advancements in their fine motor control and hand-eye coordination.
Choice C rationale
At 24 months (2 years), a toddler typically develops the fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination necessary to build a tower of approximately six to seven cubes with relative stability. This milestone is a common indicator of developmental progress in this age range.
Choice D rationale
At 12 months (1 year), most infants are still developing their fine motor skills and are typically only able to stack one or two cubes, often more through trial and error than intentional building of a tall tower. .
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