A 7-year-old child is admited to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. In obtaining a health history from the child's mother, the recent occurrence of which illness is most significant?

Mumps.

Chickenpox.

Sore throat.

Inﬂuenza.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Acute rheumatic fever is a serious inﬂammatory condition that can develop after a streptococcal infection, particularly if the infection is not treated or resolved properly. The most common initial symptom of acute rheumatic fever is a sore throat, which is usually accompanied by a fever and swollen lymph nodes.

While mumps, chickenpox, and inﬂuenza are all infectious diseases, they are not directly linked to the development of acute rheumatic fever. However, a recent or untreated streptococcal infection (such as strep throat) can lead to the development of acute rheumatic fever.

Therefore, when obtaining a health history from a child with a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever, it is most significant to inquire about recent or untreated sore throat, as this is the most likely cause of the condition.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Flaring of the nares is a sign of increased respiratory eﬀort, which is a manifestation of acute respiratory distress. This finding occurs when the child is attempting to draw in more air to meet the increased demand for oxygen.

Bilateral bronchial breath sounds can indicate consolidation or a bronchial obstruction, but they are not specific to acute respiratory distress.

Diaphragmatic respirations are a normal finding and may occur in response to respiratory distress, but they do not necessarily indicate acute respiratory distress.

A resting respiratory rate of 35 breaths/min is within the normal range for a 1-year-old child and does not necessarily indicate acute respiratory distress.

A. Report the findings immediately to the healthcare provider. B. Obtain a swab of secretions from the penis and urethra. C. Collect a sterile urine sample for culture and sensitivity. D. Provide the adolescent with a urinal for urinary hesitancy.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse should report the findings of significant erythema and swelling in the scrotum immediately to the healthcare provider. The adolescent's symptoms may be indicative of testicular torsion, which is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment to prevent loss of the testicle. Obtaining a swab of secretions from the penis and urethra or collecting a sterile urine sample for culture and sensitivity are not appropriate actions for this presentation. Providing a urinal for urinary hesitancy may be appropriate if the adolescent is experiencing difficulty urinating, but this should not take precedence over reporting the findings to the healthcare provider.

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A 7-year-old child is admited to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever. In obtaining a health history from the child's mother, the recent occurrence of which illness is most significant?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 1-year-old child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been admitted to the pediatric unit. The nurse observes that the child has a fever, rhinorrhea, frequent coughing, and sneezing. Which additional finding should alert the nurse that the child is in acute respiratory distress?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A male adolescent arrives at the clinic and reports intense pain in the testicular area that occurred during football practice at high school. The nurse observes the scrotum and identifies significant erythema and swelling. Which action should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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