A 78-year-old woman reflects back on her life and has few regrets. According to Erikson, she has accomplished which of the following?

Ego integrity

Erikson's stages end before age 70

Egocentrism

Advanced ego defense mechanisms

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Ego integrity involves the ability to reflect on one’s life with a sense of fulfillment and acceptance, characteristic of late adulthood according to Erikson’s psychosocial developmental stages.

Choice B reason: Erikson’s stages continue throughout the lifespan; late adulthood involves the stage of ego integrity versus despair.

Choice C reason: Egocentrism refers to a preoccupation with oneself and limited perspective-taking, typically associated with early developmental stages, not late adulthood.

Choice D reason: Advanced ego defense mechanisms describe coping strategies rather than a developmental stage and do not specifically define Erikson’s concept of ego integrity.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: This describes receptive difficulties rather than expressive aphasia; expressive aphasia primarily affects language production rather than comprehension.

Choice B reason: Wernicke’s area damage causes receptive aphasia, characterized by impaired comprehension and fluent but nonsensical speech. Expressive aphasia results from damage to Broca’s area.

Choice C reason: Expressive aphasia, or Broca’s aphasia, is characterized by intact comprehension but impaired speech production. Patients may struggle to form complete sentences and have telegraphic speech.

Choice D reason: Inability to recognize an object by touch is astereognosis, unrelated to expressive aphasia or language deficits.

A. He has autism B. He has a developmental delay C. He should receive a more thorough assessment for possible early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental delay D. He should be placed in applied behavioral analysis (ABA), the gold standard for autism therapy

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: A positive M-CHAT-R/F screen does not confirm a diagnosis of autism; it is a screening tool indicating the need for further evaluation.

Choice B reason: While developmental delay may exist, the screening result is not diagnostic for any condition.

Choice C reason: This is correct. A positive result indicates that the child should undergo a comprehensive developmental and behavioral evaluation to determine if ASD or other delays are present.

Choice D reason: ABA therapy is a treatment for confirmed autism but is premature without a definitive diagnosis following comprehensive assessment.

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A 78-year-old woman reflects back on her life and has few regrets. According to Erikson, she has accomplished which of the following?

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