A 9-year-old boy is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Which stage of Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is the nurse addressing when teaching this client about insulin injections?
Autonomy.
Identity.
Industry.
Initiative.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Autonomy is not the stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development that the nurse is addressing when teaching this client about insulin injections. Autonomy is the stage that occurs from 18 months to 3 years of age, when the child develops a sense of independence and self-control. The conflict in this stage is between autonomy and shame and doubt. The nurse may address this stage when teaching the client's parents about how to support their child's autonomy and avoid overprotection or criticism.
Choice B reason: Identity is not the stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development that the nurse is addressing when teaching this client about insulin injections. Identity is the stage that occurs from 12 to 18 years of age, when the adolescent develops a sense of self and personal identity. The conflict in this stage is between identity and role confusion. The nurse may address this stage when teaching the client about how to cope with the psychosocial challenges of having a chronic condition and how to maintain a positive self-image and self-esteem.
Choice C reason: Industry is the stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development that the nurse is addressing when teaching this client about insulin injections. Industry is the stage that occurs from 6 to 11 years of age, when the child develops a sense of competence and achievement. The conflict in this stage is between industry and inferiority. The nurse may address this stage when teaching the client about how to manage their diabetes and how to acquire the skills and knowledge needed for self-care and health promotion.
Choice D reason: Initiative is not the stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development that the nurse is addressing when teaching this client about insulin injections. Initiative is the stage that occurs from 3 to 6 years of age, when the child develops a sense of initiative and creativity. The conflict in this stage is between initiative and guilt. The nurse may address this stage when teaching the client about how to express their feelings and opinions about their diabetes and how to participate in decision-making and problem-solving.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Instilling benzocaine otic drops regularly is not a recommended practice for preventing or treating otitis media. Benzocaine is a topical anesthetic that can temporarily relieve ear pain, but it does not address the underlying cause of the infection. Moreover, benzocaine can cause allergic reactions, skin irritation, or methemoglobinemia, a condition that reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. The nurse should instruct the caregiver to avoid using benzocaine otic drops unless prescribed by a health care provider.
Choice B reason: Avoiding any smoking inside the house is a good practice for preventing otitis media. Smoking can irritate the respiratory tract and impair the function of the cilia, the hair-like structures that help clear mucus and bacteria from the middle ear. Smoking can also increase the risk of respiratory infections, allergies, and asthma, which are associated with otitis media. The nurse should praise the caregiver for avoiding smoking and encourage them to maintain a smoke-free environment for the infant.
Choice C reason: Giving the infant the full course of antibiotics is a necessary practice for treating otitis media. Antibiotics can help eliminate the bacteria that cause the infection and reduce the inflammation and pain in the middle ear. However, antibiotics should be used only when prescribed by a health care provider, and the caregiver should follow the instructions carefully. The nurse should remind the caregiver to give the infant the exact dose of antibiotics at the right time and for the entire duration of the treatment, even if the symptoms improve.
Choice D reason: Scheduling a visit for pneumococcal vaccine is a preventive measure for otitis media. Pneumococcal vaccine can protect the infant from the most common strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacterium that causes otitis media and other serious infections. The vaccine is recommended for all children under 2 years of age, and it is given in four doses at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age. The nurse should verify the infant's immunization status and advise the caregiver to follow the recommended schedule for the pneumococcal vaccine.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Obtaining a swab of secretions from the penis and urethra is not the appropriate action to take in this situation. This may be done to test for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as chlamydia or gonorrhea, that can cause epididymitis, an inflammation of the tube that carries sperm from the testicle. However, epididymitis usually causes gradual pain and swelling, not sudden and severe, and is unlikely to be triggered by a physical activity. Moreover, obtaining a swab may be painful and unnecessary for the adolescent.
Choice B reason: Collecting a sterile urine sample for culture and sensitivity is not the appropriate action to take in this situation. This may be done to test for urinary tract infections (UTIs) or kidney stones that can cause testicular pain. However, UTIs and kidney stones usually cause other symptoms, such as burning or difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, or lower back pain. They are also unlikely to be triggered by a physical activity. Moreover, collecting a urine sample may be difficult and uncomfortable for the adolescent.
Choice C reason: Providing the adolescent with a urinal for urinary hesitancy is not the appropriate action to take in this situation. Urinary hesitancy is the difficulty or delay in starting or maintaining a urine stream. It can be caused by various factors, such as anxiety, medication, prostate problems, or nerve damage. It is not a common symptom of testicular pain and is not related to the cause of the pain. Moreover, providing a urinal may be embarrassing and unnecessary for the adolescent. ⁷
Choice D reason: Reporting the findings immediately to the healthcare provider is the appropriate action to take in this situation. Sudden and severe testicular pain and swelling can be a sign of testicular torsion, a medical emergency that occurs when the testicle twists and cuts off its blood supply. Testicular torsion can be caused by trauma, strenuous exercise, or cold temperature. It can lead to permanent damage or loss of the testicle if not treated promptly. The adolescent needs urgent evaluation and possible surgery to untwist the testicle and restore blood flow.
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