A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nurses about diffusion. Which of the following statements should the charge nurse include in their teaching about diffusion?

"Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration."

"Diffusion is the movement of particles between areas of equal concentrations."

"Diffusion is the movement of water from an area of higher concentration of water to an area of lower concentration of water."

"Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of lower concentration of particles to an area of higher concentration of particles."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.": This statement accurately describes diffusion. Molecules move down their concentration gradient from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration until equilibrium is reached.

B. "Diffusion is the movement of particles between areas of equal concentrations.": Diffusion does not occur between areas of equal concentration as there is no concentration gradient to drive the movement.

C. "Diffusion is the movement of water from an area of higher concentration of water to an area of lower concentration of water.": This describes osmosis, not diffusion. Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

D. "Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of lower concentration of particles to an area of higher concentration of particles.": This is incorrect as diffusion occurs from higher to lower concentration, not the reverse.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Smoking tobacco: Tobacco smoking is the most common risk factor for emphysema. Smoking leads to chronic inflammation and damage to the alveoli, which are key characteristics of emphysema.

B. Asthma: Although asthma can contribute to chronic respiratory issues, it is not the most common risk factor for emphysema. Emphysema is primarily linked to smoking rather than asthma.

C. Between 20 to 30 years of age: Emphysema is more commonly associated with older age, typically developing over many years of exposure to risk factors such as smoking. It is not primarily linked to being in the 20 to 30 age range.

D. Pollution: While air pollution can contribute to respiratory diseases, smoking is the most significant risk factor for emphysema. Pollution alone is less commonly the primary cause.

A. Respiratory acidosis B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Metabolic alkalosis

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Respiratory acidosis occurs due to hypoventilation, resulting in carbon dioxide retention. This condition is characterized by slow, shallow breathing and confusion, which is not consistent with the client's rapid respiratory rate of 30/min.
B. Respiratory alkalosis is typically caused by hyperventilation, where excessive breathing leads to a decrease in carbon dioxide levels. The client's symptoms of high anxiety and rapid, shallow respirations are indicative of hyperventilation, making respiratory alkalosis the most likely diagnosis.
C. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by deep, rapid breathing (Kussmaul respirations) as the body attempts to expel excess acid. The client's shallow respirations are inconsistent with the breathing pattern seen in metabolic acidosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis usually presents with symptoms such as dizziness and tingling, often with compensatory slow respirations. The rapid respiratory rate in this case does not suggest metabolic alkalosis, making this option unlikely.

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A charge nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nurses about diffusion. Which of the following statements should the charge nurse include in their teaching about diffusion?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is the most common risk factor for emphysema?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department (ED) who has high anxiety and shallow respirations at a rate of 30/min. Which of the following acid-base disturbances is the client most likely experiencing?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is providing a client who has COPD with education regarding adapting their behavior. Which of the following describes an anticipated outcome following education of the client?

A nurse is collecting data for a client who has tension pneumothorax. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect following tracheal deviation?

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A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has metabolic acidosis. The nurse should realize that which of the following findings contributes to the development of metabolic acidosis?

Exhibits What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient?