How are pinworms diagnosed?
A Scotch tape test in the early morning
A stool laboratory examination obtained at the hour of sleep
A blood antigen level
Seeing the worm in the stool
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Pinworms (Enterobius vermicularis) are diagnosed via the Scotch tape test, performed in the early morning, when females lay eggs perianally. Tape collects eggs, visible microscopically, confirming infection. This method targets the parasite’s nocturnal egg-laying cycle, ensuring high sensitivity for detecting pinworms in children with perianal itching.
Choice B reason: Stool examination is less effective for pinworm diagnosis, as eggs are laid perianally, not in feces. Obtaining stool at sleep hours is impractical and low-yield. The Scotch tape test directly samples perianal eggs, making stool analysis an incorrect and less reliable method for confirming pinworm infection.
Choice C reason: Blood antigen levels are not used for pinworm diagnosis, as Enterobius vermicularis does not elicit a detectable systemic immune response. Diagnosis relies on visualizing eggs or worms perianally via the Scotch tape test. Blood tests are irrelevant, making this an incorrect diagnostic approach for pinworms.
Choice D reason: Seeing worms in the stool is rare in pinworm infection, as females lay eggs perianally, not in the intestinal lumen. The Scotch tape test is the standard, targeting perianal eggs. Visualizing worms is unreliable and non-specific, making this an incorrect method for diagnosing pinworms in children.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Rice is naturally gluten-free, safe for celiac disease, as it lacks gliadin, the protein causing intestinal villous atrophy. It provides carbohydrates without triggering immune-mediated damage, supporting nutrient absorption. Rice is an acceptable food choice, not causing the malabsorption or inflammation seen in celiac disease, making it a correct dietary option.
Choice B reason: Barley contains gluten, which triggers immune-mediated intestinal damage in celiac disease, causing villous atrophy, malabsorption, and symptoms like diarrhea. Consuming barley exacerbates the condition, leading to nutrient deficiencies and growth issues. It’s an unacceptable food choice, requiring strict avoidance to prevent disease flare-ups in affected children.
Choice C reason: Corn is gluten-free, safe for celiac disease, as it does not contain the proteins that cause mucosal damage. It supports nutrition without triggering inflammation or malabsorption. Corn is an acceptable choice, not contributing to the pathophysiology of celiac disease, making it a suitable dietary option for affected children.
Choice D reason: Wheat contains gluten, causing intestinal damage in celiac disease via immune-mediated villous atrophy, leading to malabsorption and symptoms like diarrhea. While unacceptable, the question specifies one choice, and barley is equally harmful. However, barley is often less recognized, making it the focus for teaching in this context.
Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Feeding slowly in pyloric stenosis reduces gastric pressure, minimizing vomiting due to pyloric obstruction from hypertrophied muscle. Slow administration allows small amounts to pass the narrowed pylorus, decreasing reflux and aspiration risk. This intervention supports nutrition delivery, making it a critical nursing action for infants with this condition.
Choice B reason: Thinning formula with water is not recommended in pyloric stenosis, as it reduces caloric density, worsening malnutrition in infants already limited by vomiting. Standard or slightly thickened formula aids retention. Slow feeding and burping are prioritized to manage obstruction, making thinned formula an incorrect intervention for this condition.
Choice C reason: Burping before and during feeding in pyloric stenosis reduces gastric air, decreasing pressure on the obstructed pylorus and minimizing vomiting. This promotes formula retention, reducing aspiration risk. Frequent burping is a standard intervention, supporting effective feeding and nutrition in infants with this hypertrophic condition, making it appropriate.
Choice D reason: Positioning on the left side after feeding is not standard for pyloric stenosis, as right-side or upright positioning better reduces reflux by gravity. Left-side positioning may increase vomiting risk due to pyloric obstruction. Slow feeding and burping are prioritized, making this an incorrect intervention for managing feeding.
Choice E reason: Refeeding after vomiting in pyloric stenosis risks overfilling the stomach, exacerbating vomiting and aspiration due to pyloric obstruction. Small, frequent feedings are preferred to minimize gastric pressure. Slow feeding and burping reduce vomiting, making refeeding an inappropriate intervention, as it does not address the underlying obstruction.
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