A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus has been diagnosed with ketoacidosis. What laboratory finding is consistent with this diagnosis?
Hemoglobin A1c 5.5%
Fasting blood glucose 124 mg/dl
Serum pH 7.24
Potassium 3.9 mEq/L
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Hemoglobin A1c of 5.5% is within the normal range and does not indicate chronic hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
B. A fasting blood glucose of 124 mg/dL is elevated but not high enough to indicate DKA, which usually involves glucose levels >250 mg/dL.
C. A serum pH of 7.24 indicates metabolic acidosis, a hallmark of diabetic ketoacidosis. This acidic state results from the buildup of ketones due to insulin deficiency.
D. Potassium may initially be elevated in DKA due to acidosis, but a value of 3.9 mEq/L is within normal limits and not specific to DKA.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Socialization should not be limited. Children with cerebral palsy benefit from interacting with a diverse range of peers to promote inclusion and development.
B. Individualized education plans (IEPs) are essential for meeting the child’s unique learning needs and promoting academic achievement.
C. A primary goal in managing cerebral palsy is to enhance and maintain the child’s functional abilities including movement, communication, and self-care to promote independence.
D. Reducing stimulation by isolating the child can negatively impact development. Children with CP should be included in stimulating environments that encourage growth and engagement.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Regular monitoring of T4 levels is necessary to ensure appropriate dosing and management of thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
B. Congenital hypothyroidism is a permanent condition that requires lifelong treatment with levothyroxine to prevent developmental delays and intellectual disability.
C. Early initiation of treatment, ideally within the first 2 weeks of life, is critical to prevent neurologic damage.
D. In congenital hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland is usually absent or severely underdeveloped, so it will not mature with time. Lifelong hormone replacement is necessary. This response indicates a misunderstanding and the need for further teaching.
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