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A client asks the nurse about the diagnostic tests for GERD. What test provides direct visualization of the esophagus and allows for tissue biopsies?

A.

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) series

B.

Esophageal manometry

C.

Upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy, or EGD)

D.

24-hour pH monitoring

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A) Incorrect. An upper gastrointestinal (GI) series involves X-ray imaging of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine with the use of a contrast material. It does not provide direct visualization or allow for tissue biopsies.

B) Incorrect. Esophageal manometry measures the pressure and coordination of the muscles in the esophagus. It does not provide direct visualization or allow for tissue biopsies.

C) Correct. Upper endoscopy (EGD) involves the insertion of a flexible tube with a camera through the mouth and into the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It allows for direct visualization and tissue biopsies to assess for any abnormalities or signs of GERD.

D) Incorrect. 24-hour pH monitoring measures the amount of acid in the esophagus over a 24-hour period. It does not provide direct visualization or allow for tissue biopsies.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Incorrect. Excessive sweating and chills are not typical nighttime symptoms of GERD. These may be indicative of other health issues.

B) Correct. GERD can lead to symptoms such as coughing, choking, and difficulty swallowing, particularly at night. Acid reflux can worsen when lying down, leading to these nighttime symptoms.

C) Incorrect. GERD can indeed cause symptoms at night, especially when lying down. These symptoms may include coughing, choking, and difficulty swallowing.

D) Incorrect. Severe abdominal pain is not a typical nighttime symptom of GERD. This type of pain may be indicative of other conditions.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Incorrect. High-fiber foods like fruits and vegetables are generally beneficial for overall health and digestion. They are not typically associated with exacerbating GERD symptoms.

B) Correct. Fatty and fried foods can lead to delayed gastric emptying, which can contribute to acid reflux. It is advisable to limit or avoid these types of foods in the management of GERD.

C) Incorrect. Lean protein sources like chicken and fish are generally well-tolerated and do not typically worsen GERD symptoms.

D) Incorrect. Whole grains like brown rice and whole wheat bread are generally considered healthy and are not typically associated with exacerbating GERD symptoms.

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