A client asks what "essential hypertension" is. What response by the registered nurse is best?
"It means it is caused by another disease.”.
"It means it is 'essential' that it be treated.”.
"It is hypertension with no specific cause.”.
"It refers to severe and life-threatening hypertension.”.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
This statement describes secondary hypertension, where an underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease or an endocrine disorder, is the identifiable cause. Secondary hypertension accounts for a minority of cases, and treating the underlying disease is the primary focus.
Choice B rationale
This response uses a colloquial interpretation of the word "essential" rather than the medical definition. While treatment is indeed essential for all hypertension, this explanation does not accurately describe the etiology or classification of the condition from a scientific perspective.
Choice C rationale
Essential hypertension, also known as primary hypertension, is the medical term for high blood pressure that has no identifiable, specific cause. It accounts for the vast majority of hypertension cases and is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Choice D rationale
This statement is incorrect. While some cases of essential hypertension can be severe, the term "essential" refers to the absence of a known cause, not the severity of the condition. Hypertension severity is categorized separately, regardless of its underlying etiology.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E","F"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist that inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. Clients must be instructed to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K-rich foods, such as leafy green vegetables, to avoid fluctuations in warfarin's anticoagulant effect and to maintain a stable INR.
Choice B rationale
Warfarin therapy itself does not impose driving restrictions. The primary concern is the bleeding risk associated with the medication, which would not typically affect a person's ability to drive. Driving is not a discharge instruction required specifically because of the medication itself.
Choice C rationale
Regular laboratory monitoring of the International Normalized Ratio (INR) is essential to ensure the warfarin dosage is therapeutic and safe. The INR normal range is 0.8-1.2. The therapeutic range for warfarin is typically 2.0-3.0 for most indications. Clients need to understand the importance of these appointments.
Choice D rationale
Warfarin is highly protein-bound and metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, making it susceptible to numerous drug-drug interactions. Educating the client about potential interactions with other medications, including over-the-counter drugs, is crucial to prevent either bleeding or clotting episodes.
Choice E rationale
A client's adherence to a medication regimen is significantly enhanced when they understand the purpose of the treatment. Explaining that warfarin prevents dangerous blood clots in conditions like atrial fibrillation or deep vein thrombosis helps the client appreciate the importance of consistent daily dosing.
Choice F rationale
Wearing a Medic Alert bracelet is a critical safety measure for clients on warfarin. In an emergency, this bracelet immediately informs healthcare providers that the person is on an anticoagulant, allowing them to make informed decisions about care and to recognize signs of potential bleeding complications.
Correct Answer is ["300"]
Explanation
Step 1 is 300 mL ÷ 60 minutes = 5 mL/min.
Step 2 is 5 mL/min × 60 min/hr = 300 mL/hr. The final answer is 300 mL/hr.
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