A client asks what "essential hypertension" is. What response by the registered nurse is best?
"It means it is caused by another disease.”.
"It means it is 'essential' that it be treated.”.
"It is hypertension with no specific cause.”.
"It refers to severe and life-threatening hypertension.”.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
This statement describes secondary hypertension, where an underlying medical condition, such as kidney disease or an endocrine disorder, is the identifiable cause. Secondary hypertension accounts for a minority of cases, and treating the underlying disease is the primary focus.
Choice B rationale
This response uses a colloquial interpretation of the word "essential" rather than the medical definition. While treatment is indeed essential for all hypertension, this explanation does not accurately describe the etiology or classification of the condition from a scientific perspective.
Choice C rationale
Essential hypertension, also known as primary hypertension, is the medical term for high blood pressure that has no identifiable, specific cause. It accounts for the vast majority of hypertension cases and is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Choice D rationale
This statement is incorrect. While some cases of essential hypertension can be severe, the term "essential" refers to the absence of a known cause, not the severity of the condition. Hypertension severity is categorized separately, regardless of its underlying etiology.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Bathing a child with infantile eczema using products containing fragrance can be irritating to the already compromised skin barrier. Fragrances are common allergens and can trigger or worsen the inflammatory response in atopic dermatitis. It is essential to use fragrance-free, hypoallergenic products to minimize irritation and prevent exacerbations.
Choice B rationale
Using oatmeal and baking soda as bath additives can be soothing for the irritated skin of a child with infantile eczema. Colloidal oatmeal contains avenanthramides which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, while baking soda can help to relieve itching. These additives can help to calm the skin and reduce the urge to scratch.
Choice C rationale
Adding bath oil to bath water after the child has soaked for a period of time is a beneficial practice. Soaking in water allows the skin to rehydrate. Adding the oil at the end of the bath helps to seal in the moisture, forming a protective barrier and preventing transepidermal water loss, which is a key issue in eczema.
Choice D rationale
Lanolin is a fatty substance derived from sheep wool. While it can be a good moisturizer, it is also a common allergen. Applying lanolin-based lotions to a child with eczema can potentially trigger an allergic reaction or worsen the skin condition. It is safer to use hypoallergenic, non-irritating moisturizers.
Choice E rationale
Bathing a child several times a day can strip the skin of its natural oils, which can worsen the dryness and irritation associated with infantile eczema. The skin barrier is already compromised, and frequent bathing can exacerbate this problem. It is generally recommended to limit bathing to once a day or less to maintain skin integrity. .
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The presentation of scratching and rubbing white ridges between the fingers and on the wrists is a classic sign of a parasitic mite infestation, specifically scabies. Scabies is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites that burrow into the skin. Permethrin is a topical insecticide that is the first-line treatment for scabies because it effectively kills the mites and their eggs.
Choice B rationale
Administering an antihistamine would address the symptom of itching, which is a common manifestation of scabies due to the body's allergic reaction to the mites and their feces. However, it does not treat the underlying cause, which is the parasitic infestation. Antihistamines provide symptomatic relief but will not eradicate the mites, allowing the infestation to persist and potentially spread.
Choice C rationale
Assessing the client's airway is an intervention for a client experiencing an anaphylactic reaction or other respiratory distress. Scabies is a dermatological condition and does not pose a direct threat to a client's airway unless the client has a severe and rare allergic reaction. This action is not relevant to the presenting signs and symptoms of scabies.
Choice D rationale
Applying gloves to minimize friction would not address the underlying pathology of scabies. The purpose of this intervention is to protect the skin from further mechanical damage, but it does not treat the parasitic cause of the condition. While gloves may prevent some scratching, they do not eradicate the mites and are not a primary treatment. .
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