An older client with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is explaining the daily foot care regimen to the family practice clinic nurse.
What statement by the client may indicate a barrier to proper foot care?

Choice A rationale

Cradle cap, or seborrheic dermatitis, is caused by the overproduction of sebum and an overgrowth of Malassezia yeast. Rubbing baby oil on the scalp overnight helps to soften the crusts and scales, making them easier to remove. Shampooing the next morning effectively washes away the loosened scales and excess oil.

Choice B rationale

Using a brush with firm bristles can cause micro-abrasions and trauma to the delicate scalp skin. This can lead to inflammation, secondary infection, and increased discomfort for the infant. A soft-bristled brush or a soft washcloth is recommended for gentle removal of the scales.

Choice C rationale

Dandruff-control shampoos often contain active ingredients like selenium sulfide or zinc pyrithione, which can be too harsh for an infant's sensitive scalp. These chemicals can be absorbed through the skin and cause irritation or systemic effects. They should only be used under a doctor's supervision.

Choice D rationale

While olive oil can help soften the scales, applying it and leaving it on can create a moist, occlusive environment. This can promote the growth of the yeast responsible for cradle cap and potentially worsen the condition. The oil should be washed off after a period of time. .

Choice A rationale

Infant skin has greater perfusion compared to adult skin due to a higher ratio of capillaries to surface area. This increased blood flow contributes to the infant's ability to dissipate heat but also makes their skin more susceptible to flushing and temperature changes.

Choice B rationale

While infants have a higher percentage of total body water, their stratum corneum, the outermost layer of skin, is thinner and has a lower lipid content, leading to a higher transepidermal water loss compared to adults. This makes their skin more prone to dryness.

Choice C rationale

Infants have a higher density of eccrine sweat glands, but their thermoregulatory system is immature. They are less efficient at perspiring and have a higher risk of hyperthermia. Their sweat glands are not fully developed or functional, which is different from increased perspiration.

Choice D rationale

Infant skin has a thinner stratum corneum and a higher surface area-to-weight ratio compared to adult skin. This anatomical difference results in a greater percutaneous absorption of topical medications and other substances. This is why care must be taken with the amount of medication applied.