A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes states he is not comfortable with self-injections and asks the nurse if oral an anti- diabetic agent can be prescribed instead. Which of the following responses from the nurse is appropriate?

"Diet, exercise and oral medications can be effective. I will ask the physician to prescribe Metformin"

"Your body does not produce insulin, and the only treatment is injected insulin"

"Glucophage can help your body better utilize the insulin secreted by the pancreas"

"Initially, you will need injections, but after your body adjusts to the insulin, you can switch to Metformin"

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. "Diet, exercise, and oral medications can be effective. I will ask the physician to prescribe Metformin":
Explanation: This statement is not accurate for type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin, so oral medications like Metformin, which work to increase insulin sensitivity or reduce glucose production in the liver, are not effective. Insulin replacement is the mainstay of treatment for type 1 diabetes.

B. "Your body does not produce insulin, and the only treatment is injected insulin":
Explanation: This is the correct statement. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce insulin or produces very little, and insulin cannot be taken orally because it would be broken down in the digestive system. Therefore, injections are the primary and necessary mode of insulin delivery.

C. "Glucophage can help your body better utilize the insulin secreted by the pancreas":
Explanation: This statement is more applicable to type 2 diabetes, where the pancreas may still produce insulin, but the body's cells are resistant to its effects. In type 1 diabetes, the issue is a lack of insulin production, so medications to improve insulin utilization are not relevant.

D. "Initially, you will need injections, but after your body adjusts to the insulin, you can switch to Metformin":
Explanation: This is not accurate for type 1 diabetes. The need for insulin in type 1 diabetes is not something the body adjusts to over time. Insulin is a lifelong requirement for individuals with type 1 diabetes, and it cannot be replaced by oral medications like Metformin.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Buffalo hump:
Explanation: A buffalo hump is associated with excess cortisol, which is not a typical manifestation of Addison's disease. Instead, patients with Addison's disease may experience weight loss and muscle wasting.

B. Hyponatremia:
Explanation: Correct. Hyponatremia (low sodium levels) can occur in Addison's disease due to the loss of aldosterone, which plays a role in sodium and water balance.

C. Decreased glucose level:
Explanation: Correct. Addison's disease can lead to hypoglycemia (low blood glucose levels) because cortisol, which is important for maintaining blood glucose, is deficient.

D. Weight gain:
Explanation: Weight gain is not a typical manifestation of Addison's disease. Instead, weight loss and muscle wasting may occur.

E. Craving for salt:
Explanation: Correct. Addison's disease can lead to salt craving, as aldosterone deficiency results in increased sodium loss and potassium retention.

A. 30 minute onset; 2 hour duration B. 15 minute onset; 30-60 minutes peak C. 2 hour onset; 12 hour duration D. 15 minute onset; no peak (continuous)

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. 30 minute onset; 2-hour duration: This does not accurately represent the onset and peak action time of Insulin Lispro.

B. 15 minute onset; 30-60 minutes peak: This is correct. Insulin Lispro has a rapid onset (starts working within 15 minutes) and a peak action time of 30-60 minutes after administration.

C. 2-hour onset; 12-hour duration: This is not accurate for rapid-acting insulin. Rapid-acting insulin has a much quicker onset and shorter duration compared to this option.

D. 15 minute onset; no peak (continuous): While the onset time is correct, stating "no peak" is not entirely accurate. Rapid-acting insulin does have a peak, but it's relatively short, occurring within the first hour after administration.

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A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes states he is not comfortable with self-injections and asks the nurse if oral an anti- diabetic agent can be prescribed instead. Which of the following responses from the nurse is appropriate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a patient with Addison's Disease. Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A client with diabetes mellitus is ordered to receive insulin for glucose correction (sliding scale coverage). The nurse knows the rapid acting insulin Insulin Lispro (Humalog) onset and peak action time are:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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