A client has been prescribed isoniazid (INI) for tuberculosis. Which foods should the client avoid while taking this medication, as they are high in tyramine? (Select All that Apply.)

Chocolate

Aged cheese

Bananas

Red meat

White wine

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

A. Chocolate:

Chocolate contains tyramine, a substance that can interact with certain medications like monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) to increase blood pressure. While isoniazid itself does not directly interact with tyramine, it is often recommended to avoid tyramine-rich foods to prevent potential interactions with other medications or to minimize potential risks. Therefore, clients taking isoniazid are advised to avoid consuming chocolate to reduce the risk of adverse effects.

B. Aged cheese:

Aged cheeses, such as cheddar, Swiss, and blue cheeses, are high in tyramine. Tyramine levels increase as cheeses age, and consuming aged cheeses can lead to tyramine buildup in the body, potentially causing hypertensive crisis when combined with certain medications like MAOIs. While isoniazid is not an MAOI, the cautionary advice to avoid tyramine-rich foods is often extended to individuals taking isoniazid to minimize potential risks.

C. Bananas:

Bananas contain tyramine, although in lower amounts compared to some other foods. However, it is still advisable for individuals taking isoniazid to avoid consuming bananas and other tyramine-rich foods to reduce the risk of potential interactions or adverse effects.

D. Red meat:

Red meat is not typically high in tyramine compared to other foods like aged cheeses, certain processed meats, and fermented foods. While some sources suggest limiting consumption of aged or fermented meats, fresh red meat is generally considered safe to consume while taking isoniazid.

E. White wine:

While red wine is more commonly associated with tyramine content, white wine can also contain tyramine and other biogenic amines. Like other tyramine-rich foods, white wine consumption should be limited or avoided by individuals taking isoniazid to minimize the risk of tyramine-related interactions or adverse effects.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Echinacea:

Echinacea is commonly used to support the immune system and may be used to prevent or reduce the severity of colds and other infections. However, it is not typically used specifically for treating menopause-related hot flashes.

B. Saw palmetto:

Saw palmetto is primarily used for managing symptoms related to the prostate gland, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and is not commonly used for treating menopause-related hot flashes in women.

C. Black cohosh:

Black cohosh is one of the most widely studied herbal remedies for managing menopause-related symptoms, including hot flashes. Research suggests that black cohosh may help reduce the frequency and severity of hot flashes in some women experiencing menopausal symptoms.

D. Cranberry juice:

Cranberry juice is often used to promote urinary tract health and prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs). While it may have some health benefits, cranberry juice is not typically used for managing menopause-related hot flashes.

A. Bacteriostatics are narrow spectrum drugs and bactericidal drugs are broad spectrum B. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial growth, and bactericidal drugs actually kill bacteria C. Bacteriostatics work by inhibiting protein synthesis and bactericidal drugs work by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis D. Bacteriostatic drugs actually kill bacteria and bactericidal drugs inhibit bacterial growth

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Bacteriostatics are narrow spectrum drugs, and bactericidal drugs are broad spectrum:

This statement is incorrect. The spectrum of activity (narrow vs. broad) of an antibiotic refers to the range of bacterial species that it can target, not whether it is bacteriostatic or bactericidal.

B. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial growth, and bactericidal drugs actually kill bacteria:

This statement is correct. Bacteriostatic drugs work by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria without directly killing them, whereas bactericidal drugs directly kill bacteria.

C. Bacteriostatics work by inhibiting protein synthesis, and bactericidal drugs work by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis:

This statement is incorrect. Both bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs can target various bacterial cellular processes, including protein synthesis, nucleic acid synthesis, cell wall synthesis, and others. The mechanism of action is not a definitive factor in distinguishing between bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs.

D. Bacteriostatic drugs actually kill bacteria, and bactericidal drugs inhibit bacterial growth:

This statement is incorrect. It contradicts the established definitions of bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs. Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial growth without killing the bacteria, while bactericidal drugs directly kill bacteria.

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A client has been prescribed isoniazid (INI) for tuberculosis. Which foods should the client avoid while taking this medication, as they are high in tyramine? (Select All that Apply.)

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A client has been prescribed isoniazid (INI) for tuberculosis. Which foods should the client avoid while taking this medication, as they are high in tyramine? (Select All that Apply.)