A client in the community is taking regular and NPH insulin to manage type 1 diabetes. What laboratory finding best demonstrates that the client's diabetes management is adequate?

The client's random blood glucose is 120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L).

The client's creatinine clearance of 1.75 mL/s/m2 is within reference ranges.

The client's glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level is 6.1% (0.06).

The client's fasting blood glucose level is 80 mg/dL (4.4 mmol/L).

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. The client's random blood glucose is 120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L): A normal random glucose is encouraging, but it reflects only a momentary snapshot. Glucose levels can fluctuate throughout the day, so this test does not provide a reliable indicator of long-term diabetes control.

B. The client's creatinine clearance of 1.75 mL/s/m² is within reference ranges: While renal function is important in diabetic clients, especially due to the risk of nephropathy, creatinine clearance does not assess how well blood glucose levels are being managed specifically.

C. The client's glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level is 6.1% (0.06): HbA1c reflects the client’s average blood glucose control over the past 2 to 3 months. A value of 6.1% suggests effective long-term management of type 1 diabetes and is the best indicator of glucose control.

D. The client's fasting blood glucose level is 80 mg/dL (4.4 mmol/L): This is a normal fasting value and suggests good short-term control. However, like random glucose, it only represents glucose levels at one point in time and does not assess cumulative management.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. "prazole": Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) commonly end with the suffix "-prazole" (e.g., omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole). These drugs work by irreversibly blocking the hydrogen-potassium ATPase enzyme system in gastric parietal cells, effectively suppressing gastric acid production.

B. "dine": The suffix "-dine" is associated with histamine-2 receptor antagonists such as ranitidine and famotidine. These drugs reduce acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach, but they are not proton pump inhibitors.

C. "lol": Drugs ending in "-lol" are beta-adrenergic blockers, commonly used to manage hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart failure. They do not have any role in gastric acid suppression and are unrelated to proton pump inhibitors.

D. "pril": The "-pril" suffix is used for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as enalapril and lisinopril, which are prescribed to treat hypertension and heart failure. They have no mechanism or indication involving gastric acid reduction.

A. acute pain B. risk for injury C. decreased cardiac output D. functional urinary incontinence

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. acute pain: While postoperative vomiting can cause discomfort, antiemetics are not typically associated with pain relief or pain-related side effects. The primary concern with antiemetic use is not acute pain but safety due to sedation or altered mentation.

B. risk for injury: Many antiemetics, such as promethazine or metoclopramide, can cause drowsiness, dizziness, or impaired coordination due to their CNS effects. These side effects increase the client's fall risk, especially in postoperative or debilitated patients, making injury prevention a priority.

C. decreased cardiac output: Decreased cardiac output is not a common direct effect of antiemetics. Unless the client has other cardiovascular conditions, antiemetics do not significantly impact cardiac function.

D. functional urinary incontinence: CNS effects of antiemetics do not usually impair the ability to void or access a toilet. Functional incontinence is more often related to physical limitations or environmental barriers, rather than side effects of nausea medication.

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A client in the community is taking regular and NPH insulin to manage type 1 diabetes. What laboratory finding best demonstrates that the client's diabetes management is adequate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse knows that proton pump inhibitor drugs often end in the suffix:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client who has begun vomiting after undergoing bariatric surgery. When including this complication in the plan of care, what would be an appropriate nursing conclusion related to the central nervous system (CNS) effects associated with an antiemetic?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which is an important teaching point for the nurse to make to a client taking a bulk- forming laxative?

A client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has been prescribed 12 units of regular insulin and 34 units of NPH insulin in the morning. How should the nurse explain why two different types of insulin are required to control the client's blood glucose?

The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed chlorpromazine. The nurse correctly identifies which of the client's body system as being associated with the majority of the medications adverse effects?

A client has not responded to conservative treatment for nausea and vomiting as has subsequently been prescribed dronabinol. In addition to monitoring the client's nausea, the nurse should prioritize what assessment after administering the drug?

The nurse administers metoclopramide to the client with what condition?

The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes about the newly prescribed external insulin pump. What are appropriate teaching points for the nurse to include? Select all that apply.

Protonix 20 mg is ordered IV twice a day for a client. The Protonix is available in a 40 mg/5 mL concentration. How many milliliters would be given in 24 hours? (Round answer to whole number).

Antiemetics mostly work at which site of action?