A client is admitted for treatment of pulmonary edema. Which medication will the nurse administer to improve the force of cardiac contraction for this client?

Warfarin

Enalapril

Bumetanide

Dobutamine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

a. Warfarin: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clot formation. While it is commonly prescribed for certain cardiac conditions such as atrial fibrillation or mechanical heart valves to prevent thromboembolic events, it does not directly improve the force of cardiac contraction. Therefore, warfarin is not the appropriate medication for improving cardiac contraction in a client with pulmonary edema.

b. Enalapril: Enalapril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to manage hypertension and heart failure. While ACE inhibitors can help reduce preload and afterload on the heart, leading to improved cardiac function over time, they do not directly improve the force of cardiac contraction acutely. Therefore, enalapril is not the appropriate medication for improving cardiac contraction in a client with pulmonary edema.

c. Bumetanide: Bumetanide is a loop diuretic medication used to promote diuresis and reduce fluid overload in conditions such as heart failure and pulmonary edema. While reducing fluid overload can indirectly improve cardiac function by reducing preload on the heart, loop diuretics do not directly improve the force of cardiac contraction.

d. Dobutamine: Dobutamine is a positive inotropic medication that directly stimulates beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart, leading to increased myocardial contractility (force of cardiac contraction) and improved cardiac output. It is commonly used in the treatment of acute heart failure, including pulmonary edema, to enhance cardiac function and reduce symptoms of congestion.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

a. Aortic regurgitation: Aortic regurgitation involves the backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole due to a dysfunctional aortic valve. While aortic regurgitation can cause symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain, they are typically associated with exertion rather than occurring at rest or unrelated to activity.

b. Mitral valve prolapse: Mitral valve prolapse is characterized by the abnormal movement of the mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during systole. While mitral valve prolapse can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, chest discomfort, and dyspnea, these symptoms are usually not unrelated to activity. They are often precipitated or exacerbated by physical exertion or stress.

c. Mitral stenosis: Mitral stenosis involves narrowing of the mitral valve opening, which obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. Symptoms of mitral stenosis, such as dyspnea and chest discomfort, typically occur with exertion or during periods of increased cardiac demand rather than being unrelated to activity.

d. Aortic stenosis: Aortic stenosis is characterized by narrowing of the aortic valve opening, which obstructs blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta. This obstruction leads to increased pressure in the left ventricle and can cause symptoms such as dyspnea (due to pulmonary congestion) and chest pain (angina) even at rest. These symptoms are often exacerbated during physical activity but can occur spontaneously as well.

A. Dopamine B. Warfarin C. Digoxin D. Lisinopril

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

a. Dopamine: Dopamine is a medication that primarily acts as a vasopressor and inotropic agent. While it can increase cardiac contractility and improve cardiac output, it does not directly decrease afterload. In fact, dopamine may increase systemic vascular resistance (afterload) at higher doses.

b. Warfarin: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication used to prevent blood clot formation, particularly in individuals with certain cardiac conditions such as atrial fibrillation or mechanical heart valves. While warfarin is important for preventing thromboembolic events in individuals with mitral valve regurgitation, it does not directly affect afterload.

c. Digoxin: Digoxin is a medication that primarily acts as a positive inotropic agent by increasing myocardial contractility. While it can improve cardiac function, particularly in individuals with heart failure, it does not directly decrease afterload.

d. Lisinopril: Lisinopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor medication that reduces blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. By reducing angiotensin II levels, lisinopril dilates blood vessels and decreases systemic vascular resistance (afterload), thus reducing the workload on the heart. Therefore, lisinopril is the medication that would help decrease afterload for a client with mitral valve regurgitation.

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A client is admitted for treatment of pulmonary edema. Which medication will the nurse administer to improve the force of cardiac contraction for this client?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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