A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of obstruction of the common bile duct due to cholelithiasis. Which of the following assessment findings are consistent with this diagnosis?

Casts in the urine

Dark, tarry stool

Jaundice

Pain in the left upper quadrant

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Casts in the urine are typically associated with kidney problems, such as glomerulonephritis or kidney infections, rather than biliary obstruction. Casts are formed from proteins or cells in the renal tubules and are not related to bile duct obstruction or cholelithiasis.
B.   Dark, tarry stools are indicative of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the presence of digested blood in the stool. This condition, known as melena, is not typically associated with obstruction of the common bile duct due to cholelithiasis.
C.   Jaundice is a common and significant finding in cases of obstruction of the common bile duct due to cholelithiasis. When the bile duct is obstructed, bilirubin, which is a component of bile, accumulates in the bloodstream because it cannot be properly excreted into the intestine.
D.   Pain from cholelithiasis (gallstones) typically occurs in the right upper quadrant, not the left. The right upper quadrant pain is often associated with gallbladder inflammation or bile duct obstruction.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Fluid volume deficit, or dehydration, occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. In this case, the patient has very low urine output, indicating that the kidneys are not excreting enough fluid. Despite the low urine output, the presence of pitting edema suggests that the patient is actually retaining fluid rather than losing it.
B. Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate slower than 60 beats per minute. While electrolyte imbalances and fluid imbalances can affect heart rate, bradycardia is not the primary concern associated with the combination of pitting edema and low urine output in this situation.
C. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a common complication in acute glomerulonephritis. The condition often leads to fluid retention due to reduced kidney function and increased sodium and fluid retention. The presence of pitting edema and very low urine output suggests that the kidneys are not effectively removing excess fluid, which can lead to increased blood pressure.
D. Hyperglycemia refers to elevated blood glucose levels. Acute glomerulonephritis is not directly associated with hyperglycemia. While patients with diabetes can develop renal issues, hyperglycemia itself is not a typical direct complication of acute glomerulonephritis.

A. Continue to monitor the patient B. Silence future alarms C. Place the patient on a non-rebreather mask D. Increase the oxygen to 4 liters per minute

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The client is resting comfortably, denies distress, and has an oxygen saturation of 89% on 2 liters of supplemental oxygen. This is within an acceptable range for many patients with COPD. Given the client's current status, it is appropriate to continue monitoring the oxygen saturation and assess for any changes in condition.
B. While the alarm may be annoying, it is important to keep it active to alert the nurse to any significant changes in the client's oxygen saturation.
C. A non-rebreather mask delivers a higher concentration of oxygen and is typically used in more critical situations. In this case, the client's oxygen saturation is within a safe range, and there is no need to increase the oxygen delivery method.
D. Increasing the oxygen to 4 liters per minute without a clear indication of need could lead to oxygen toxicity, especially in patients with COPD. It is important to titrate oxygen therapy to the lowest level that maintains adequate oxygen saturation.

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A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of obstruction of the common bile duct due to cholelithiasis. Which of the following assessment findings are consistent with this diagnosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis has pitting edema in both feet, and has had 300 mL of urine output in the last 24 hours. The nurse should monitor this client for which complication associated with this finding?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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