A client with a cold sore on the lip has been diagnosed with herpes simplex virus. Which neurological disorder may the client be at risk for in the future?

Myasthenia gravis

Multiple sclerosis

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Bell's palsy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles due to impaired communication between nerves and muscles. It is not directly related to HSV infection.
B.   Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to demyelination of nerve fibers. While the exact cause of MS is not completely understood, it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. HSV is not directly associated with the development of MS.
C.   Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute, autoimmune condition that affects the peripheral nervous system, leading to progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. GBS is often preceded by an infection, and while it is most commonly associated with infections like Campylobacter jejuni, other infections, including HSV, have also been implicated as potential triggers for GBS.
D.   Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by sudden, unilateral facial paralysis or weakness due to inflammation of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). HSV has been identified as a potential cause of Bell's palsy, as the virus can lead to inflammation of the facial nerve.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A pneumothorax, or collapsed lung, occurs when air enters the pleural space, leading to lung collapse. While a pneumothorax can be a serious issue, it is not a typical finding associated with advanced COPD.
B. Hyperinflation is a hallmark finding of advanced COPD. It occurs when air becomes trapped in the lungs due to obstructed airways and damaged alveoli, leading to increased lung volumes and overexpansion of the lungs. On a chest X-ray, hyperinflation appears as an increased retrosternal air space, flattened diaphragm, and possibly increased lung volumes.
C. The presence of masses on a chest X-ray might suggest malignancies or other lung pathologies, but it is not a typical finding in COPD. While lung cancer can co-occur with COPD, masses themselves are not a direct indicator of COPD but rather a potential separate issue that would need further evaluation.
D. Atelectasis refers to the collapse of lung tissue due to loss of air in the alveoli, which can occur from various causes including obstruction or compression of the lung. While atelectasis can be seen in various pulmonary conditions, it is not specific to advanced COPD.

A. Atorvastatin B. Furosemide C. Methimazole D. Apixaban

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

A. Atorvastatin is a statin used primarily to manage hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol levels) and reduce cardiovascular risk. However, it is not specifically used to treat heart failure symptoms or manage acute exacerbations.
B. Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly used to manage heart failure. It helps reduce fluid overload by promoting diuresis (increased urine production), which can help alleviate symptoms of heart failure such as edema and pulmonary congestion.
C. Methimazole is an antithyroid medication used to manage hyperthyroidism. It is not used to treat heart failure. Thyroid disorders can impact heart failure, but methimazole itself does not address the acute symptoms or underlying mechanisms of heart failure.
D. Apixaban is an anticoagulant (blood thinner) used to prevent blood clots in conditions like atrial fibrillation. However, it is not used specifically to manage acute heart failure symptoms.
E. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that can be used to manage heart failure, especially in patients with atrial fibrillation. It helps improve cardiac output and control heart rate. Digoxin can be useful in managing heart failure symptoms by enhancing the heart's contractility and controlling the heart rate.

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A client with a cold sore on the lip has been diagnosed with herpes simplex virus. Which neurological disorder may the client be at risk for in the future?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has shortness of breath and a chronic cough. The client has smoked one pack of cigarettes per day for the last 20 years. Which finding on the client's chest x-ray would be consistent with a diagnosis of advanced COPD?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with an acute heart failure exacerbation. Which of the following medications are commonly prescribed to manage heart failure? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","E"]

Explanation

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