A client with a cold sore on the lip has been diagnosed with herpes simplex virus. Which neurological disorder may the client be at risk for in the future?

Myasthenia gravis

Multiple sclerosis

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Bell's palsy

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles due to impaired communication between nerves and muscles. It is not directly related to HSV infection.
B.   Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system, leading to demyelination of nerve fibers. While the exact cause of MS is not completely understood, it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. HSV is not directly associated with the development of MS.
C.   Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute, autoimmune condition that affects the peripheral nervous system, leading to progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. GBS is often preceded by an infection, and while it is most commonly associated with infections like Campylobacter jejuni, other infections, including HSV, have also been implicated as potential triggers for GBS.
D.   Bell's palsy is a condition characterized by sudden, unilateral facial paralysis or weakness due to inflammation of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). HSV has been identified as a potential cause of Bell's palsy, as the virus can lead to inflammation of the facial nerve.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Cushing syndrome is characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body, often due to an adrenal gland tumor or prolonged use of corticosteroid medications. The primary symptoms include weight gain, hypertension, and changes in skin appearance. Exophthalmos is not typically associated with Cushing syndrome.
B. Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune thyroid disorder that leads to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). The condition is characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin. Exophthalmos is not a feature of Hashimoto's disease. Instead, it is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism.
C. Addison's disease is a condition caused by inadequate production of cortisol and aldosterone by the adrenal glands. Symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, hyperpigmentation of the skin, and low blood pressure. Exophthalmos is not related to Addison's disease.
D. Graves' disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroid condition that leads to an overproduction of thyroid hormones. One of the hallmark symptoms of Graves' disease is exophthalmos or protruding eyes, caused by inflammation and swelling of the tissues around the eyes. This condition is directly associated with exophthalmos.

A. Instruct the client on pursed-lip breathing B. Place the client in Trendelenburg position C. Apply a high-frequency chest wall oscillation vest D. Determine the client's FEV1/FVC ratio

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Pursed-lip breathing is an effective technique for managing COPD symptoms, particularly tachypnea and dyspnea. It helps to keep the airways open by creating back pressure that prevents the collapse of bronchioles and reduces air-trapping. This technique improves ventilation and helps with the expiration of trapped air, making it a valuable intervention for COPD patients.
B. The Trendelenburg position involves lying flat on the back with the legs elevated higher than the head. This position is not suitable for managing COPD symptoms and can actually worsen breathing difficulties by increasing abdominal pressure on the diaphragm.
C. High-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWO) vests are used to help with airway clearance in conditions like cystic fibrosis or chronic bronchitis by loosening mucus. While beneficial for mucus management, they do not specifically address bronchiolar collapse or air-trapping associated with COPD.
D. Measuring the FEV1/FVC ratio is a diagnostic tool used to assess the severity of airflow obstruction in COPD. While this information is important for diagnosis and treatment planning, it is not an immediate intervention to manage symptoms such as tachypnea and dyspnea.

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A client with a cold sore on the lip has been diagnosed with herpes simplex virus. Which neurological disorder may the client be at risk for in the future?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client experiencing exophthalmos is seen in a primary care provider's clinic. The nurse understands that the most likely endocrine disorder which would cause this symptom is which of the following?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing tachypnea and dyspnea. The nurse should plan to implement which of the following interventions to reduce bronchiolar collapse and air-trapping?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Which of the following clinical manifestations should the nurse recognize as the most concerning for a client with this condition?

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A nurse educator is providing an educational in-service about various neurological disorders. Which statement should be included when teaching about Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

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