A client with multiple complaints has been referred to a neurologist for further evaluation. Which of the following complaints are common manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? (Select all that apply.)

Muscle hypertrophy

Tinnitus

Tripping

Confusion

Dropping objects

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,E

Muscle hypertrophy (increase in muscle size) is not a typical manifestation of ALS. In fact, ALS leads to muscle atrophy (wasting) rather than hypertrophy. As motor neurons degenerate, muscles become weaker and smaller because they are no longer receiving adequate nerve signals to maintain strength.
B.A Tinnitus (ringing in the ears) is not a common manifestation of ALS. ALS primarily affects motor neurons and does not usually cause auditory symptoms. Tinnitus is more related to other conditions such as ear infections, exposure to loud noises, or certain neurological conditions, but it is not associated with ALS.
C.   Tripping or stumbling is a common manifestation of ALS. As the disease progresses, it causes weakness in the muscles responsible for maintaining balance and coordination. This can lead to difficulties with walking and increased risk of tripping or falling.
D.   Confusion is not a typical symptom of ALS. ALS primarily affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, but it does not usually affect cognitive function. However, in rare cases, some patients with ALS may develop cognitive or behavioral changes, but these are not the primary symptoms and are less common.
E.   Dropping objects is a common manifestation of ALS. Muscle weakness and loss of fine motor control in the hands and arms can make it difficult to hold or manipulate objects, leading to frequent dropping.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Pink, frothy sputum is typically associated with left-sided heart failure and pulmonary edema. This occurs when fluid backs up into the lungs due to left-sided heart failure. Since the question pertains to right-sided heart failure, this statement is not consistent with that condition.

B. Feeling short of breath when lying flat is known as orthopnea and is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure. It occurs due to fluid shifting into the lungs when supine, which aggravates pulmonary congestion. This statement is not consistent with right-sided heart failure.
C. Hearing fluid in the lungs typically indicates left-sided heart failure, where fluid backs up into the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary edema. This symptom is associated with left-sided heart failure rather than right-sided heart failure.
D. Swelling of the legs, also known as peripheral edema, is a hallmark of right-sided heart failure. This occurs because the right side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood out to the lungs, leading to fluid accumulation in the systemic venous circulation and resulting in swelling in the lower extremities and sometimes the abdomen

A. A client who is being treated for otitis media B. A client who has experienced an injury to the eardrum C. A client who works in a loud environment D. A client whose ear canal is impacted with wax

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Otitis media is an infection or inflammation of the middle ear. This condition primarily affects the middle ear structures and can cause conductive hearing loss, which is due to problems with sound transmission through the outer or middle ear.
B. An injury to the eardrum, such as a perforation, can lead to conductive hearing loss. This occurs because the eardrum (tympanic membrane) is crucial for transmitting sound waves from the outer ear to the middle ear. While an eardrum injury affects sound transmission, it does not directly damage the inner ear or auditory nerve, so it does not typically cause sensorineural hearing loss.
C. Exposure to loud noise is a common cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Prolonged or intense noise exposure can damage the sensory hair cells in the cochlea or the auditory nerve pathways, leading to permanent hearing loss. This type of hearing loss is due to damage in the inner ear or auditory nerve rather than the outer or middle ear structures.
D. Impacted earwax can cause conductive hearing loss by blocking sound transmission through the ear canal. This type of hearing loss is due to a blockage and is usually reversible once the wax is removed. It does not cause sensorineural hearing loss, which involves damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

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A client with multiple complaints has been referred to a neurologist for further evaluation. Which of the following complaints are common manifestations of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is performing an admission assessment on a client who is being admitted for right- sided heart failure. Which statement made by the patient would be consistent with right-sided heart failure?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following clients is at risk for sensorineural hearing loss?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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