A client is diagnosed with chronic stable angina caused by plaques in the coronary arteries. The client receives a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin to use as needed when angina occurs. Which additional medication does the nurse anticipate would be prescribed for this client?

Atorvastatin

Digoxin

Furosemide

Rituximab

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A.   Atorvastatin is a statin used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood. Reducing cholesterol levels helps to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries), which is a major cause of chronic stable angina. Statins are commonly prescribed to manage the underlying condition that leads to angina by stabilizing plaques and reducing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
B.   Digoxin is a medication used to treat heart failure and certain types of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). It works by increasing the force of heart contractions and controlling heart rate. While it can be helpful in specific cases of heart failure or arrhythmias, it is not typically used for the management of chronic stable angina.
C.   Furosemide is a diuretic used to treat conditions such as heart failure and edema by removing excess fluid from the body. It helps to reduce fluid buildup but does not address the underlying cause of chronic stable angina or improve coronary artery function. It is not a primary medication for managing angina.
D.   Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody used primarily to treat certain types of cancer and autoimmune diseases by targeting specific immune cells. It is not used to treat chronic stable angina or related cardiovascular conditions. It does not play a role in managing cholesterol levels or improving coronary artery health.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Gallstones are formed in the gallbladder and are not directly related to PKD.

B. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys. These cysts can obstruct the flow of urine, making it easier for bacteria to grow and cause a urinary tract infection (UTI).
C. Hypotension is low blood pressure. While PKD can lead to kidney failure, which can cause hypotension, it is not a common complication.
D. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak bones. While PKD can lead to kidney failure, which can affect calcium metabolism and contribute to osteoporosis, it is not a common complication.

A. The late-phase response occurs due to an influx of additional inflammatory cells B. The symptoms of the late-phase response tend to respond better to a rescue inhaler than the symptoms of the early-phase response C. The late-phase response occurs because the client did not use their rescue inhaler properly D. The late-phase response only occurs if the client continues to be exposed to their trigger after the initial attack

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. The late-phase response in asthma is characterized by a delayed and prolonged inflammatory reaction that can occur 4 to 6 hours after exposure to a trigger. It involves the recruitment of additional inflammatory cells, such as eosinophils and T cells, which contribute to ongoing airway inflammation, increased mucus production, and bronchoconstriction. This phase often leads to a return of symptoms or worsening of symptoms after the initial relief provided by a rescue inhaler.
B. The late-phase response does not typically respond as well to rescue inhalers (such as albuterol) as the early-phase response does. Rescue inhalers are primarily effective for the immediate, bronchospastic component of asthma (early-phase response).
C. The late-phase response occurs as part of the natural progression of asthma inflammation and is not necessarily related to improper use of a rescue inhaler. Even with proper use of a rescue inhaler, the late-phase response can still occur due to the underlying inflammatory processes.
D. The late-phase response can occur even if the trigger is no longer present. It is related to the ongoing inflammatory process rather than continued exposure to the trigger. Although continued exposure to triggers can exacerbate symptoms, the late-phase response can still occur independently of further exposure.

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A client is diagnosed with chronic stable angina caused by plaques in the coronary arteries. The client receives a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin to use as needed when angina occurs. Which additional medication does the nurse anticipate would be prescribed for this client?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following is a common complication of polycystic kidney disease?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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