A client is diagnosed with chronic stable angina caused by plaques in the coronary arteries. The client receives a prescription for sublingual nitroglycerin to use as needed when angina occurs. Which additional medication does the nurse anticipate would be prescribed for this client?

A. Elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia) can occur in chronic kidney disease, as the kidneys struggle to excrete potassium. However, hyperkalemia does not typically cause visible crystals on the skin. It is more associated with cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness rather than skin manifestations.
B. Sodium imbalance is common in chronic kidney disease, often leading to fluid retention and hypertension. However, excess sodium does not result in crystal formation on the skin. Sodium issues are more related to fluid balance and blood pressure, not external crystalline deposits.
C. Urea is a waste product formed from the breakdown of proteins and is normally excreted by the kidneys. In chronic kidney disease, urea accumulates in the blood (uremia) because the kidneys cannot effectively filter it out. Urea can be deposited on the skin and form crystals, leading to a condition known as "uremic frost." This is often observed on the forehead or other areas of the skin and is a direct result of excess urea in the body.

D. Creatinine is another waste product filtered by the kidneys. Elevated levels indicate impaired kidney function, but creatinine itself does not form visible crystals on the skin. Elevated creatinine levels are primarily used as an indicator of kidney function rather than a cause of external skin manifestations.

A. This statement is incorrect because many chronic illnesses are not curable. The goal of care for chronic illnesses is often to manage the condition, improve quality of life, and prevent complications, rather than achieving a complete cure.
B. This statement is accurate. Managing a chronic illness often requires significant time and effort, including medication adherence, lifestyle changes, and regular medical appointments.
C. The trajectory of a chronic illness can vary greatly between individuals, even those with the same condition. Factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and access to care can influence the course of the illness.
D. This statement is accurate. Educating the client and caregiver about the prescribed treatment plan is essential for optimal management of chronic illnesses. This includes understanding medication dosages, side effects, and lifestyle modifications.