A client is admitted to the hospital with a prerenal disorder, a nonurologic condition that disrupts renal blood flow to the nephrons, affecting their filtering ability. One cause of prerenal acute kidney injury is:
Polycystic disease
Anaphylactic shock
Ureteral stricture
Kidney stone
The Correct Answer is B
A. Polycystic disease is an intrinsic (renal) disorder affecting kidney tissue directly, not a prerenal cause.
B. Anaphylactic shock causes severe hypotension, reducing renal perfusion, making it a prerenal cause of acute kidney injury.
C. Ureteral stricture is a postrenal condition, causing obstruction to urine flow.
D. Kidney stone is also a postrenal cause due to urinary tract obstruction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increased urine ketones are associated with conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis, not fluid volume deficit.
B. Decreased urine specific gravity is seen in fluid volume excess or conditions causing impaired renal concentration, not dehydration.
C. Decreased Hgb (hemoglobin) is not a typical finding in fluid volume deficit and may be more related to anemia or blood loss.
D. Increased BUN (blood urea nitrogen) occurs due to hemoconcentration in fluid volume deficit, making it a reliable indicator.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Insomnia is not a typical indicator of organ rejection and may be related to stress or medications.
B. Temperature of 36.1°C (97.0°F) is within normal range and does not indicate rejection.
C. Weight loss is not a common sign of acute rejection; weight gain from fluid retention is more likely.
D. Oliguria (decreased urine output) is a key manifestation of kidney transplant rejection, as it may indicate impaired graft function.
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