A client is brought to the emergency department with hypoglycemia blood glucose level of 19 mg/dL. What drug should the nurse prepare to administer intravenously?
diazole oral
glyburide oral
glucagon intravenous injection
insulin subcutaneous injection
The Correct Answer is C
A. diazole oral: There is no widely used hypoglycemia treatment called "diazole."
B. glyburide oral: Glyburide is an oral hypoglycemic agent used to lower blood glucose in clients with type 2 diabetes. Administering it during a hypoglycemic crisis would worsen the condition by further reducing glucose levels.
C. glucagon intravenous injection: Glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver, raising blood glucose levels rapidly. For a glucose level as low as 19 mg/dL, immediate IV administration is warranted when IV dextrose is unavailable or if rapid response is needed in an unconscious patient.
D. insulin subcutaneous injection: Insulin administration in a hypoglycemic patient would exacerbate the condition, potentially leading to seizures, coma, or death. Insulin is contraindicated in hypoglycemia and should never be given in such a situation.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Regular insulin: Regular insulin is the only type of insulin approved for intravenous administration. It is commonly used in emergency situations like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) due to its predictable onset and short duration when given IV.
B. Rapid acting insulin: Although rapid-acting insulins such as lispro or aspart act quickly when given subcutaneously, they are not used intravenously because their pharmacokinetics are less predictable via this route, and they are not approved for IV use.
C. Long acting insulin: Long-acting insulins like glargine or detemir are formulated to release slowly over an extended period and are never given IV. Intravenous administration would disrupt their controlled-release mechanism and lead to unpredictable effects.
D. Intermediate acting: Intermediate-acting insulin, such as NPH, contains protamine to delay absorption, making it unsuitable for IV use. Administering it intravenously would result in erratic absorption and action, posing safety risks.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. 24 hours: While mild diarrhea may improve within 24 hours, it is generally acceptable to continue over-the-counter treatment for a short period. Advising follow-up after just 24 hours may be premature unless the client exhibits other concerning symptoms such as fever or dehydration.
B. 48 hours: Diarrhea that persists beyond 48 hours may indicate an underlying infection, inflammatory condition, or another medical issue requiring professional evaluation. At this point, further assessment and possibly diagnostic testing are needed to avoid complications.
C. 12 hours: This time frame is too short to assess treatment effectiveness with an OTC agent. Mild diarrhea often improves over a day or two, so instructing clients to seek care after only 12 hours is unnecessary unless accompanied by red flags like blood in stool or signs of severe dehydration.
D. 6 hours: Six hours is too short a window to evaluate the resolution of diarrhea, especially for self-limited cases. Immediate medical attention within this time frame is usually reserved for infants or clients with severe symptoms, not routine adult cases using OTC therapy.
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