A client is scheduled for an Alpha-fetoprotein Test (AFP).

When is this test usually performed ?

The AFP test can result in false-positive or false-negative findings.This means that the test may show a high or low level of AFP when there is no problem with the baby, or it may show a normal level of AFP when there is a problem with the baby.

False-positive results can cause unnecessary worry and further testing, while false-negative results can delay diagnosis and treatment of a serious condition.

Choice A is wrong because the AFP test carries some risks or complications for the mother or the fetus.The test involves drawing blood from a vein in the mother’s arm, which can cause bleeding, bruising, infection, or fainting at the puncture site.The test may also cause anxiety or stress for the mother if the results are abnormal.

Choice B is wrong because the AFP test may cause bleeding or infection at the blood draw site, but this is not the only risk or complication associated with the test.

As mentioned above, the test can also result in false-positive or false-negative findings, which can have serious consequences for the mother and the baby.

Choice D is wrong because the AFP test may induce preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes.This is a very rare complication that can occur if the test is done by amniocentesis, which involves inserting a needle into the uterus to collect amniotic fluid.However, most AFP tests are done by blood tests, which do not pose this risk.

Normal ranges for AFP levels vary depending on the gestational age of the baby and the laboratory that performs the test.Generally, AFP levels increase until about 15 weeks of pregnancy and then decrease until delivery.The normal range for AFP levels at 16–18 weeks of pregnancy is about 10–150 ng/mL.

However, different laboratories may use different units or methods to measure AFP levels, so it is important to compare your results with the reference values provided by your laboratory.

A high level of AFP (>2.5 MoM) potentially indicates that the unborn baby has a neural tube defect, such as spina bifida.

This is a condition where the spinal cord does not develop properly and can cause serious complications.

Choice B.Chromosomal abnormality is wrong because a high level of AFP is not associated with chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.In fact, a low level of AFP may indicate this type of defect.

Choice C.Maternal weight-related factors is wrong because maternal weight does not affect the level of AFP in the blood.However, other factors such as gestational age, multiple pregnancies, and maternal diabetes can influence the AFP level.

Choice D.Fetal demise is wrong because a high level of AFP does not indicate fetal demise or death.A very low or undetectable level of AFP may suggest this possibility.

Normal ranges for AFP vary depending on the stage of pregnancy and the laboratory that performs the test.Generally, the normal range for AFP in the second trimester is between 10 and 150 ng/mL.