A client on a mental health unit develops flu-like symptoms and low blood pressure. After reviewing the client's history, it was noted that the client has a diagnosis of schizophrenia and is currently taking risperidone (Risperdal). The nurse should recognize that which of the following adverse effects may be occurring?

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

Tardive dyskinesia.

Acute dystonia.

Pseudoparkinsonism.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur as a severe adverse effect of antipsychotic medications, such as risperidone (Risperdal). Symptoms of NMS include flu-like symptoms (fever, muscle rigidity, and sweating) along with altered mental status, and autonomic dysregulation. It's crucial for the nurse to recognize this potentially fatal condition promptly and intervene appropriately.

Choice B rationale:

Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder that is often a result of long-term use of antipsychotic medications, but it is characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the face and other body parts. It doesn't typically present with flu-like symptoms or low blood pressure.

Choice C rationale:

Acute dystonia is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms, often involving the muscles of the face, neck, and back. It usually occurs shortly after starting antipsychotic treatment. While it can cause discomfort, it doesn't present with flu-like symptoms and low blood pressure as described in the scenario.

Choice D rationale:

Pseudoparkinsonism, also known as drug-induced parkinsonism, is characterized by symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and rigidity. It doesn't typically cause flu-like symptoms and low blood pressure.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is Choice A.

Choice A rationale: Disorganized speech is a hallmark symptom of acute mania in bipolar disorder. Clients may exhibit pressured speech, tangentiality, and flight of ideas, reflecting the heightened energy and cognitive disruptions associated with manic episodes.

Choice B rationale: Reporting auditory hallucinations, such as voices telling the client to write a novel, is more indicative of a psychotic disorder rather than acute mania in bipolar disorder. Mania typically involves elevated mood and activity levels, not hallucinations.

Choice C rationale: Weight gain reported by the spouse is not specific to acute mania. While changes in appetite and weight can occur in bipolar disorder, they are not defining features of manic episodes, which are characterized by heightened mood and activity.

Choice D rationale: Being dressed in all black does not specifically indicate acute mania. Mania is characterized by mood disturbances and increased activity levels rather than specific choices in clothing color, which can vary widely among individuals.

A. Ideas of reference. B. Erotomania. C. Grandeur. D. Flight of ideas.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Ideas of reference involve the belief that external events, objects, or people have a specific and unusual significance directly related to oneself. In this scenario, the client with schizophrenia believes that the group's laughter is directed at them, indicating an exaggerated sense of personal relevance in the situation.

Choice B rationale:

Erotomania is characterized by the delusional belief that someone, usually of higher social status, is in love with the individual. This choice is not applicable to the situation described, where the client's reaction is centered around perceived mockery rather than romantic interest.

Choice C rationale:

Grandeur involves inflated feelings of importance, power, knowledge, or identity. It does not align with the situation where the client perceives ridicule and responds defensively to the group's laughter.

Choice D rationale:

Flight of ideas is a thought disorder characterized by rapid and unconnected shifts in thoughts, often associated with mania. It is not relevant to the client's reaction to the group's laughter.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in an acute mental health unit is admitting a client diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The nurse recognizes which of the following findings supports the admitting diagnosis of acute mania?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

During a group therapy meeting, a client brings up a concern about the cleanliness of the bathroom. The nurse asks the group what should be done about the issue and how to resolve it. The nurse is demonstrating which type of leadership style?

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According to Bowen's theoretical approach to therapy, which of the following should the nurse recognize as a concept of a functional family interaction pattern?

A psychiatric nurse is caring for clients on a mental health unit during a group session. What should the nurse do to establish trust in a therapeutic relationship with the clients?

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A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has a history of conduct disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse take while caring for the child? (Select all that apply.).

The nurse is assessing a client in group therapy on which type of techniques for modifying behaviors would be most appropriate. The nurse has decided to use covert sensitization. Which of the following statementbest describes this type of therapy?