A client presents to the clinic reporting vomiting and burning in her mid-epigastric area. The nurse knows that in the process of confirming peptic ulcer disease, the health care provider is likely to order a diagnostic test to detect the presence of what?
Excessive stomach acid secretion
An incompetent pyloric sphincter
A metabolic acid-base imbalance
An infection with Helicobacter pylori
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Excessive stomach acid secretion is not the correct answer because it is not a diagnostic test, but a possible cause of peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcers are sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or duodenum due to damage from stomach acid and digestive enzymes.
Choice B reason: An incompetent pyloric sphincter is not the correct answer because it is not a diagnostic test, but a possible complication of peptic ulcer disease. The pyloric sphincter is a muscular valve that controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. If it becomes damaged or weakened, it can cause gastric outlet obstruction, which is a blockage of the stomach.
Choice C reason: A metabolic acid-base imbalance is not the correct answer because it is not a diagnostic test, but a possible consequence of peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcers can cause bleeding, perforation, or gastric outlet obstruction, which can affect the acid-base balance of the body. For example, vomiting can cause metabolic alkalosis, which is a condition where the blood is too alkaline.
Choice D reason: An infection with Helicobacter pylori is the correct answer. Helicobacter pylori is a type of bacteria that can infect the stomach and duodenum and cause inflammation and ulcers. It is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease. The health care provider can order a diagnostic test to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the client's stomach or blood, such as a urea breath test, a stool antigen test, or a blood antibody test.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pyuria, or pus in the urine, is not a direct sign of fluid volume overload. It may indicate a urinary tract infection, kidney stones, or other renal problems.
Choice B reason: Weight loss is not a typical finding of fluid volume overload. In fact, weight gain is a common symptom of fluid retention, as the body holds more fluid than it excretes.
Choice C reason: Jugular vein distention, or the bulging of the neck veins, is a serious indicator of fluid volume overload. It reflects increased pressure in the right side of the heart and the systemic circulation. It may also signal heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or pericardial tamponade.
Choice D reason: Muscle contractions are not directly related to fluid volume overload. They may be caused by electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, muscle fatigue, or nerve disorders.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not a correct finding for hypovolemia. Peripheral edema is the swelling of the extremities due to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces. It is a sign of fluid volume excess, not fluid volume deficit.
Choice B reason: This is not a correct finding for hypovolemia. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate, usually below 60 beats per minute. It is not a typical sign of fluid volume deficit, as the heart rate usually increases to compensate for the low blood pressure and low cardiac output.
Choice C reason: This is not a correct finding for hypovolemia. Hypertension is a high blood pressure, usually above 140/90 mmHg. It is not a typical sign of fluid volume deficit, as the blood pressure usually decreases due to the reduced blood volume and vascular resistance.
Choice D reason: This is a correct finding for hypovolemia. Decreased urine output is a sign of fluid volume deficit, as the kidneys try to conserve water and electrolytes by reducing the urine production. The normal urine output is about 30 mL per hour, and anything below 20 mL per hour is considered oliguria, which indicates impaired renal function.
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