A client who had a C5 spinal cord injury 2 years ago is admitted to the emergency department (ED) with the diagnosis of autonomic dysreflexia secondary to a full bladder. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect this client to exhibit?

Choice A reason: Reviewing written and verbal instructions for a reduced sodium diet is not directly related to the management of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). While a healthy diet can contribute to overall well-being, dietary sodium does not have a significant impact on intraocular pressure or glaucoma management. Therefore, this intervention does not directly address the client's primary condition of POAG.

Choice B reason: Teaching strategies for aseptic administration of the eye drops is a critical intervention for clients with POAG. Proper administration of ophthalmic drops is essential to avoid contamination and infection. Aseptic techniques include washing hands before administering the drops, avoiding touching the dropper tip to any surface (including the eye), and ensuring that the dropper cap is replaced tightly after use. These measures help maintain the sterility of the medication and prevent complications such as eye infections, which can exacerbate the client's condition.

Choice C reason: Describing how the use of the eye drops will help improve peripheral vision is not entirely accurate in the context of POAG. The primary goal of ophthalmic drops for POAG is to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve, thereby preserving the remaining vision. These drops do not typically improve peripheral vision that has already been lost. Educating the client with accurate information about the purpose and benefits of the drops helps set realistic expectations and encourages adherence to the treatment regimen.

Choice D reason: Teaching the client to apply pressure over the inner eye corner (punctal occlusion) after administering eye drops is an important intervention. Punctal occlusion helps prevent the medication from draining into the tear duct and being absorbed systemically. This technique increases the contact time of the medication with the eye, enhancing its effectiveness and reducing potential systemic side effects. Clients should be instructed to gently press the inner corner of the eye for a few minutes after instilling the drops to ensure maximum benefit.

Choice E reason: Explaining the need to continue eye drops for the rest of their life is essential for clients with POAG. Glaucoma is a chronic condition that requires lifelong management to control intraocular pressure and prevent progression of the disease. Discontinuing the medication can lead to elevated intraocular pressures and irreversible vision loss. Clients should understand the importance of adherence to their prescribed treatment regimen and the lifelong commitment to managing their condition to preserve their vision and quality of life.

Choice A reason: Overall fluid intake should not be limited. In fact, increasing fluid intake is generally recommended to help flush out the urinary system and prevent the formation of new stones. Adequate hydration is key to preventing urinary tract calculi.

Choice B reason: Citrus fruit juices, such as orange juice and grapefruit juice, should be limited because they can increase the acidity of the urine. High acidity can contribute to the formation of certain types of kidney stones, particularly uric acid stones. Limiting citrus fruit juices can help reduce the risk of stone recurrence.

Choice C reason: Low-sodium sodas are generally better than regular sodas, but it is important to note that many sodas, even low-sodium ones, contain high levels of phosphates and other substances that can contribute to kidney stone formation. While low-sodium sodas are a better option, the primary focus should be on overall healthy fluid choices.

Choice D reason: Tea and hot chocolate should be limited due to their oxalate content. Oxalates can bind with calcium in the urine to form calcium oxalate stones, which are the most common type of kidney stones. Limiting the intake of tea and hot chocolate can help reduce the risk of stone formation.