A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?

"High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis."

"Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis."

"Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis."

"Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis." Chronic renal disease often develops as a complication of long-standing

hypertension. Persistent high blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing blood flow and causing kidney tissue damage over time.

B. "Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis." This statement describes changes seen in conditions like diabetic nephropathy but is not specific to the development of renal disease in hypertension.

C. "Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.

D. "Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The duration of contact with the agent: While duration is important, it alone does not provide a comprehensive understanding of radiation burns, which require considering the type and dose of radiation as well.

B. The type, dose, and length of exposure: These factors are crucial in assessing the severity and necessary treatment for radiation burns. The type of radiation (e.g., alpha, beta, gamma), the dose

received, and the length of exposure all determine the extent of tissue damage and appropriate interventions.

C. The pathway of flow through the body: This is more relevant to internal contamination with radioactive substances rather than external radiation burns.

D. The temperature to which the skin is heated: Temperature is a factor in thermal burns, not radiation burns. Radiation burns result from energy transfer, not heat.

A. Chemotherapy is only used for palliation. B. Chemotherapy cures prostate cancer that has metastasized to the bone. C. Chemotherapy is used in conjunction with other treatment modalities in the type of cancer. D. Chemotherapy makes the body fluid a biohazard.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Chemotherapy is only used for palliation: While chemotherapy can be used for palliative care to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life in advanced cancer, it is also used with curative intent in some cases, especially when cancer is diagnosed early or is responsive to chemotherapy.

B. Chemotherapy cures prostate cancer that has metastasized to the bone: Chemotherapy alone is generally not curative for prostate cancer that has metastasized to the bone. It may help slow disease progression, relieve symptoms, or prolong survival, but it is not typically curative on its own.

C. Chemotherapy is used in conjunction with other treatment modalities in this type of cancer: Chemotherapy is often used in combination with other treatment modalities such as hormone therapy, radiation therapy, or surgery in the management of prostate cancer with bone metastasis. The goal is to target cancer cells using multiple approaches to achieve the best possible outcome for the patient.

D. Chemotherapy makes the body fluid a biohazard: Chemotherapy drugs can be excreted in body fluids such as urine, saliva, and sweat, making them potentially hazardous. However, this statement does not specifically address the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer with bone metastasis.

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A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client presents to the emergency department seeking treatment for radiation burns. The nurse should develop the client's plan of care based on which of the following?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for chemotherapy due to bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Which of the following statements about chemotherapy made by the nurse is correct?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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