A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?

"High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis."

"Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis."

"Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis."

"Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "High blood pressure reduces renal blood flow and harms the kidney tissue, causing this diagnosis." Chronic renal disease often develops as a complication of long-standing

hypertension. Persistent high blood pressure can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing blood flow and causing kidney tissue damage over time.

B. "Thickening of the kidney structures and gradual death of nephrons has caused this diagnosis." This statement describes changes seen in conditions like diabetic nephropathy but is not specific to the development of renal disease in hypertension.

C. "Cysts compress renal tissue, which destroys the kidneys, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.

D. "Immune complexes form in the kidney tissue and produce inflammation, causing this diagnosis." This statement describes the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis, not chronic renal disease due to hypertension.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hamburger on a bun, banana: This choice is high in protein and potassium, which may not be suitable for someone with chronic renal disease, as excessive potassium intake can be harmful to individuals with impaired kidney function.

B. Carrots, green leafy vegetables, a pear: This choice is low in potassium and phosphorus, making it suitable for someone with chronic renal disease. Carrots and green leafy vegetables are generally lower in potassium, and a pear is a low-potassium fruit option.

C. Spaghetti with meat sauce, breadstick: This choice may be high in protein and sodium, depending on the sauce and breadstick ingredients, which may not be ideal for someone with chronic renal disease.

D. Cold cuts with bun, blueberries: Cold cuts can be high in sodium, and blueberries are moderately high in potassium, so this choice may not be appropriate for someone with chronic renal disease.

A. "I will be placing electrodes on your breasts." B. "I will lower the head of your bed so you can lie flat." C. "Relax and try not to move or speak once I have attached the gel pads." D. "Try to hold your breath until this procedure is complete."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "I will be placing electrodes on your breasts": This statement is incorrect and may cause unnecessary concern or discomfort for the client. Electrodes for a 12-lead electrocardiogram are typically placed on the chest, not the breasts.

B. "I will lower the head of your bed so you can lie flat": This statement may be relevant for certain procedures but is not specific to applying electrode gel pads for a 12-lead electrocardiogram.

C. "Relax and try not to move or speak once I have attached the gel pads": This instruction is essential for obtaining a clear and accurate electrocardiogram recording. Movement or talking during the procedure can interfere with the quality of the tracing.

D. "Try to hold your breath until this procedure is complete": This instruction is unnecessary and could cause discomfort or anxiety for the client. There is no need for the client to hold their breath during a standard electrocardiogram procedure.

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A client with a history of hypertension and diagnosis of chronic renal disease asks a nurse how the disease occurred. The nurse should accurately respond to the client by making which statement?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client diagnosed with chronic renal disease. The nurse recognizes that the teaching was effective when the client selects which of the following dietary choices?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to perform a 12-lead electrocardiogram. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the client while applying the electrode gel pads?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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