A client with a history of takes about 15 antacid tablets per day. The nurse understands that this client is at risk for:

metabolic alkalosis.

respiratory alkalosis.

metabolic acidosis.

respiratory acidosis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an elevation of the bicarbonate (HCO3) levels in the blood, leading to an increase in pH above the normal range (7.35-7.45). Antacid tablets typically contain compounds such as calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, or aluminum hydroxide, which can neutralize stomach acid (hydrochloric acid). Chronic ingestion of large amounts of antacids, as in the case of this client taking approximately 15 tablets per day, can result in excessive bicarbonate intake, leading to metabolic alkalosis.
B. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when there is a decrease in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood, leading to an increase in pH above the normal range. Antacid tablets do not directly affect respiratory function or CO2 levels, so respiratory alkalosis is unlikely to occur as a result of antacid ingestion.
C. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decrease in bicarbonate (HCO3) levels in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH below the normal range. In the context of antacid ingestion, metabolic acidosis is less likely to occur. However, if the antacids contain compounds that are absorbed systemically and excreted by the kidneys (such as aluminum-containing antacids), they may lead to renal dysfunction or electrolyte imbalances, which could potentially contribute to metabolic acidosis.
D. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH below the normal range. Antacid tablets do not directly affect respiratory function or CO2 levels, so respiratory acidosis is unlikely to occur as a result of antacid ingestion.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

D. 0.9% sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl): This solution, also known as normal saline, is isotonic and contains the same concentration of sodium as extracellular fluid. It is the most appropriate choice for initial fluid resuscitation in hypovolemia due to severe bleeding because it rapidly expands intravascular volume, replaces sodium losses, and helps restore circulating blood volume.
A. This solution contains dextrose (glucose) and a small amount of sodium chloride. It provides some glucose for energy but has a lower sodium concentration compared to isotonic solutions like normal saline. While it may be used in certain situations, such as to provide maintenance fluids or correct mild dehydration, it is not the first choice for fluid resuscitation in hypovolemia due to severe bleeding because it does not adequately replace lost volume.
B. 3% sodium chloride (3% NaCl): This solution is hypertonic and has a high sodium concentration. It is not typically used for initial fluid resuscitation in hypovolemia due to severe bleeding. Hypertonic saline solutions like 3% NaCl are more commonly used in specific situations such as severe hyponatremia or cerebral edema.
C. 5% dextrose in water (D5W): This solution contains only dextrose and water and is isotonic until the dextrose is metabolized, after which it becomes hypotonic. D5W is not suitable for fluid resuscitation in hypovolemia due to severe bleeding because it does not provide adequate sodium or volume replacement.

A. Warmth and palpable cord along the vein B. A raised ecchymotic painful area C. Swelling and tenderness at the site D. Blanching and coolness of surrounding skin

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. These are indicative of inflammation within the vein, which is characteristic of phlebitis. Warmth is a common sign of inflammation, and the palpable cord suggests that the vein may be hardened or cord- like due to inflammation and irritation.
B. While this could indicate some form of vascular injury or extravasation, it is not a typical presentation of phlebitis. Phlebitis involves inflammation of the vein, which may cause redness, warmth, and tenderness along the course of the vein, but it typically does not manifest as a raised ecchymotic (bruised) area.
C. Swelling occurs due to inflammation within the vein, and tenderness is often present as a result of the irritation and inflammation. These symptoms are commonly observed in cases of phlebitis but are not specific.
D. These are not typical signs of phlebitis. Blanching (turning white) and coolness of the skin may suggest reduced blood flow to the area, which could occur in cases of ischemia or thrombosis but are not characteristic of phlebitis.

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A client with a history of takes about 15 antacid tablets per day. The nurse understands that this client is at risk for:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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