A client with a long history of cirrhosis has anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. In the context of cirrhosis, these three conditions are most likely caused by:

Hypersplenism.

Peptic ulcer disease.

Cholecystitis.

Esophageal varices.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale
Hypersplenism is a condition often associated with cirrhosis, where the spleen becomes overactive. This leads to the destruction of blood cells, causing anemia (low red blood cells), leukopenia (low white blood cells), and thrombocytopenia (low platelets)1.
Choice B rationale
Peptic ulcer disease primarily affects the stomach and duodenum, leading to ulcers and bleeding. It does not typically cause anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia in the context of cirrhosis.
Choice C rationale
Cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, usually due to gallstones. It does not cause the blood cell abnormalities seen in cirrhosis.
Choice D rationale
Esophageal varices are swollen veins in the esophagus that develop due to portal hypertension in cirrhosis. While they can cause bleeding, they do not directly cause anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Decreased breath sounds in the lower lobes can indicate areas of the lung that are not ventilating well, but this finding alone does not specifically indicate an exacerbation of COPD. It could be due to other conditions such as pleural effusion or atelectasis.
Choice B rationale
Increased respiratory rate and use of accessory muscles are signs of respiratory distress and indicate that the patient is working harder to breathe. These findings are consistent with an exacerbation of COPD, where the airways are more obstructed, and the patient has difficulty maintaining adequate ventilation.
Choice C rationale
Elevated blood pressure and heart rate can occur in many conditions and are not specific indicators of a COPD exacerbation. These vital sign changes can be due to pain, anxiety, or other stressors.
Choice D rationale
Presence of wheezing and cyanosis are also indicators of a COPD exacerbation. Wheezing indicates airway obstruction, and cyanosis indicates hypoxemia, both of which are common during an exacerbation.

A. Cerebral edema the morning after a college party. B. Deposit of fatty tissue associated with hyperaldosteronism. C. Proliferation of tissue behind the eyes that is common in hyperthyroidism. D. Accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Cerebral edema is the swelling of the brain due to fluid accumulation, which can occur after excessive alcohol consumption. However, it is not related to myxedema, which is a condition associated with severe hypothyroidism.
Choice B rationale
The deposit of fatty tissue is associated with conditions like hyperaldosteronism, where there is an excess production of aldosterone. This condition does not cause the characteristic skin changes seen in myxedema.
Choice C rationale
Proliferation of tissue behind the eyes, known as exophthalmos, is common in hyperthyroidism, particularly in Graves’ disease. Myxedema, on the other hand, is related to severe hypothyroidism and involves different pathophysiological mechanisms.
Choice D rationale
Myxedema is characterized by the accumulation of mucopolysaccharides in the skin and other tissues, leading to swelling and thickening of the skin. This condition is a result of severe hypothyroidism and can lead to a myxedema crisis if left untreated.

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A client with a long history of cirrhosis has anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. In the context of cirrhosis, these three conditions are most likely caused by:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who presents with increased shortness of breath and a productive cough. Which of the following findings would indicate a potential exacerbation of COPD?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient has been told that the recent changes in her facial features are due to a hormonal pathology called myxedema. Her nurse’s explanation will be based on understanding that myxedema is:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client with a long history of cirrhosis has anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. In the context of cirrhosis, these three conditions are most likely caused by:

A nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis. Which laboratory result would the nurse expect to find elevated?

Which infection control measure, by the nurse, reduces the potential spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

A nurse is caring for a client with a temperature of 39°C (102.2°F) who presents with a stiff neck and photophobia. Which condition should the nurse suspect?

A nurse is assessing a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following findings would indicate the need for immediate intervention?

A nurse has identified a fluid volume deficit in the patient who has suffered prolonged vomiting and diarrhea. Which assessment data is most important in identifying that the patient may be developing prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI)?

A patient with chronic kidney disease usually has a decrease in the ability to activate vitamin D, likely resulting in signs and symptoms (S&S) such as: