A patient, who is on complete bed rest following extensive surgery, begins to complain of chest pain and shortness of breath with hemoptysis.

His SO2 measures 90%. The nurse recognizes that the patient is most likely exhibiting signs and symptoms of which condition?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Pulmonary embolus (PE).

Anemia.

Right heart failure (RHF).

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can lead to pulmonary embolism but does not directly cause chest pain and shortness of breath.
Choice B rationale
Pulmonary embolus (PE) is characterized by chest pain, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis (coughing up blood), especially in patients on bed rest.
Choice C rationale
Anemia can cause fatigue and shortness of breath but not typically chest pain and hemoptysis.
Choice D rationale
Right heart failure can cause shortness of breath and edema but not typically chest pain and hemoptysis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Decreasing the secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by the pituitary gland is not a compensatory response to fluid volume deficit. TSH primarily regulates thyroid function and metabolism, and its secretion is not directly related to fluid balance or osmolality.
Choice B rationale
Increasing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity by the kidneys is the body’s primary compensatory response to fluid volume deficit. When there is a decrease in blood volume or blood pressure, the kidneys release renin, which activates the RAAS. This system increases the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, leading to an increase in blood volume and blood pressure.
Choice C rationale
Decreasing the secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland is not a compensatory response to fluid volume deficit. Cortisol is a stress hormone that helps regulate metabolism, immune response, and other functions, but it is not directly involved in fluid balance.
Choice D rationale
Increasing the secretion of natriuretic peptides by the heart is a response to fluid overload, not fluid deficit. Natriuretic peptides promote the excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys, which helps reduce blood volume and pressure. This response is opposite to what is needed in a fluid volume deficit situation.

A. Severe headache and photophobia. B. Chest pain and shortness of breath. C. Abdominal pain and diarrhea. D. Joint pain and swelling.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Severe headache and photophobia are classic symptoms of meningitis, indicating inflammation of the meninges.
Choice B rationale
Chest pain and shortness of breath are more indicative of cardiovascular or respiratory issues, not meningitis.
Choice C rationale
Abdominal pain and diarrhea are gastrointestinal symptoms and are not typically associated with meningitis.
Choice D rationale
Joint pain and swelling are more indicative of rheumatologic conditions, not meningitis.

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A patient, who is on complete bed rest following extensive surgery, begins to complain of chest pain and shortness of breath with hemoptysis. His SO2 measures 90%. The nurse recognizes that the patient is most likely exhibiting signs and symptoms of which condition?

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client with suspected meningitis. Which of the following symptoms would most likely indicate meningitis?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A patient, who is on complete bed rest following extensive surgery, begins to complain of chest pain and shortness of breath with hemoptysis.

His SO2 measures 90%. The nurse recognizes that the patient is most likely exhibiting signs and symptoms of which condition?