A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration. The physician suspects an infection with Cryptosporidium. What type of specimen should be collected to confirm this diagnosis?

Blood specimen for electrolyte studies

Sputum specimen for acid fast bacillus

Urine specimen for culture and sensitivity

Stool specimen for ova and parasites

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Blood specimen for electrolyte studies: Electrolyte studies help assess dehydration but do not confirm a Cryptosporidium infection. This test monitors fluid and electrolyte balance, not the presence of parasites.
B. Sputum specimen for acid fast bacillus: This test is used to detect tuberculosis or other mycobacterial infections. Cryptosporidium affects the gastrointestinal tract, not the respiratory system.
C. Urine specimen for culture and sensitivity: Urine cultures detect urinary tract infections but are unrelated to gastrointestinal pathogens like Cryptosporidium. This specimen is not appropriate for diagnosing diarrhea caused by parasites.
D. Stool specimen for ova and parasites: Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that infects the intestines. Stool analysis for ova and parasites is the correct diagnostic approach to identify this organism in clients with AIDS and severe diarrhea.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Quality of the pulse: Pulse quality may indicate the presence of a rhythm, but it cannot confirm the presence of a pacemaker. A strong or weak pulse can occur in many conditions and is not a reliable pacemaker indicator.
B. "Spike" on the rhythm strip: Pacemakers produce a visible electrical “spike” on an ECG or rhythm strip, which precedes the QRS complex (or P wave in atrial pacing)or both (dual-chamber pacing). This spike confirms that the electrical impulse is generated by a pacemaker.
C. Scar on the chest: A scar may suggest prior pacemaker placement, but it is not definitive. Scars could be from other procedures or surgeries and do not confirm current pacemaker function.
D. Vibration under the skin: Pacemakers do not vibrate and typically cannot be felt moving under the skin. This is not a feature of the device and would not help identify its presence.

A. The client will have to take higher doses of the antiviral medications. B. The client will have to take the drugs intravenously to ensure compliance. C. The client is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure. D. The funding for the medications will cease if the client is not taking the meds correctly.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The client will have to take higher doses of the antiviral medications: Increasing the dose is not a standard or safe response to missed doses. Higher doses do not compensate for inconsistent use and may increase the risk of toxicity without improving outcomes.
B. The client will have to take the drugs intravenously to ensure compliance: Intravenous administration is not used as a compliance strategy for antiretrovirals. Most antiretroviral drugs are formulated for oral use, and adherence is managed through education and support, not route changes.
C. The client is risking the development of drug resistance and drug failure: Missing doses of antiretroviral therapy allows the virus to replicate, which increases the risk of developing mutations. This can lead to drug resistance, making the current regimen ineffective and limiting future treatment options.
D. The funding for the medications will cease if the client is not taking the meds correctly: Access to medication is not typically revoked due to non-adherence. While adherence is essential, patients are encouraged to be honest so that healthcare providers can support them rather than penalize them.

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A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration. The physician suspects an infection with Cryptosporidium. What type of specimen should be collected to confirm this diagnosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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