A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration. The physician suspects an infection with Cryptosporidium. What type of specimen should be collected to confirm this diagnosis?

Blood specimen for electrolyte studies

Sputum specimen for acid fast bacillus

Urine specimen for culture and sensitivity

Stool specimen for ova and parasites

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Blood specimen for electrolyte studies: Electrolyte studies help assess dehydration but do not confirm a Cryptosporidium infection. This test monitors fluid and electrolyte balance, not the presence of parasites.
B. Sputum specimen for acid fast bacillus: This test is used to detect tuberculosis or other mycobacterial infections. Cryptosporidium affects the gastrointestinal tract, not the respiratory system.
C. Urine specimen for culture and sensitivity: Urine cultures detect urinary tract infections but are unrelated to gastrointestinal pathogens like Cryptosporidium. This specimen is not appropriate for diagnosing diarrhea caused by parasites.
D. Stool specimen for ova and parasites: Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that infects the intestines. Stool analysis for ova and parasites is the correct diagnostic approach to identify this organism in clients with AIDS and severe diarrhea.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Have the client placed in restraints: Restraints should only be used as a last resort when the client poses a danger to themselves or others. They require a provider’s order and must follow strict guidelines. It is not the first step in managing a combative client.
B. Refuse to start the IV: Refusing care delays necessary treatment and does not address the issue of safety. The nurse has a duty to provide care using appropriate support and safety measures.
C. Give the client a sedative prior to starting the IV: Administering a sedative requires a provider's order and should not be done solely for ease of IV insertion. Sedation is not a routine intervention and must be clinically justified.
D. Ask for assistance: Having another trained staff member present increases safety and reduces the risk of needlestick injury. Assistance ensures proper restraint of movement without violating patient rights or safety protocols.

A. Take all antipsychotic medications as directed. B. Notify the health care provider if you have hypertension or severe muscle stiffness. C. Double the next dose if you forget one dose. D. Stop the medication for any side effects. E. Report any rhythmic, involuntary movements of the tongue, face, mouth, jaw, or extremities immediately.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A. Take all antipsychotic medications as directed: Adherence is critical for managing symptoms and preventing relapse. Antipsychotics must be taken consistently and exactly as prescribed to maintain therapeutic effectiveness and minimize side effects.
B. Notify the health care provider if you have hypertension or severe muscle stiffness: These symptoms may indicate serious adverse effects, such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Prompt reporting allows for early intervention and prevention of life-threatening complications.
C. Double the next dose if you forget one dose: Doubling the dose increases the risk of overdose and severe side effects. Clients should be instructed to take the next dose as scheduled and never compensate for missed doses.
D. Stop the medication for any side effects: Suddenly stopping antipsychotics can lead to symptom rebound or withdrawal effects. Side effects should be discussed with the provider, who can adjust the dose or switch medications safely.
E. Report any rhythmic, involuntary movements of the tongue, face, mouth, jaw, or extremities immediately: These are signs of tardive dyskinesia, a potentially irreversible side effect of long-term antipsychotic use. Early detection is essential to prevent progression and guide changes in therapy.

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A client with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea and dehydration. The physician suspects an infection with Cryptosporidium. What type of specimen should be collected to confirm this diagnosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing to start an IV for a client who is combative. What precautionary measure should the nurse take in order to avoid a needlestick?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to the client being prescribed antipsychotic medications. Which discharge instruction(s) should be included? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

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