When obtaining vital signs from a client who has reduced erythrocyte production and a hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/dL what results would be indicative of these lab studies?

Respiratory rate of 16 breaths/minute

Heart rate of 120 beats/minute

Oxygen saturation of 95%

Blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Respiratory rate of 16 breaths/minute: A normal respiratory rate does not reflect the body's compensatory response to anemia. In moderate to severe anemia, the body typically increases respiratory effort to improve oxygen delivery.
B. Heart rate of 120 beats/minute: Tachycardia is a common compensatory mechanism in anemia. With reduced hemoglobin and oxygen-carrying capacity, the heart pumps faster to maintain adequate oxygen delivery to tissues.
C. Oxygen saturation of 95%: Oxygen saturation measures the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen, not the actual amount of hemoglobin. A normal reading can still occur despite overall reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.
D. Blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg: This elevated blood pressure may be unrelated to anemia. Anemia often causes a drop in blood pressure or no significant change, depending on severity and fluid status.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A grilled chicken sandwich with mayonnaise: While some sodium is present in bread and condiments, grilled chicken and mayonnaise generally contain moderate sodium levels. With portion control and low-sodium ingredients, this can fit into a restricted sodium diet.
B. A hot dog with ketchup: Hot dogs are highly processed and contain high amounts of sodium and preservatives. Ketchup adds even more sodium, making this combination unsuitable for clients on a low sodium diet.
C. A natural fruit salad with nuts: Fresh fruits are naturally low in sodium, and unsalted nuts can be included as well. This option is both heart-healthy and supportive of a low sodium dietary plan.
D. A fresh grilled tuna entrée with fresh asparagus: When prepared without canned or pre-seasoned components, fresh tuna and vegetables are low in sodium. This meal provides lean protein and nutrients without excess salt.

A. Release of endorphins and enkephalins B. Interrupts pain perception C. Keep the pain at a manageable level D. Floods the brain with alternative stimuli closes the spinal gate

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Release of endorphins and enkephalins: Massage stimulates the release of natural opioids such as endorphins and enkephalins. These neurotransmitters bind to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, helping to reduce pain perception and promote a sense of well-being.
B. Interrupts pain perception: While massage may contribute to distraction, the primary mechanism involves biochemical modulation rather than directly interrupting the perception pathway. Pain perception is complex and multifactorial.
C. Keep the pain at a manageable level: This is a general goal of pain management but not a specific physiological mechanism of massage. It describes the outcome rather than the process by which massage works.
D. Floods the brain with alternative stimuli closes the spinal gate: This describes the gate control theory of pain, which applies more directly to techniques like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) than to massage. Massage can influence gate control but primarily works through neurochemical pathways.

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When obtaining vital signs from a client who has reduced erythrocyte production and a hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/dL what results would be indicative of these lab studies?

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