A client with angina pectoris receives a prescription for nitroglycerin. Which statement shows that the patient understands how to use this medication?
"I will take another tablet every 5 minutes if the pain continues up to 3 doses and then I will call 911 if the chest pain does not go away."
"I take this medication at bedtime everything."
"I will swallow the tablet whole with grapefruit juice."
"I take three tablets all at one time if I have chest pain."
The Correct Answer is A
A. "I will take another tablet every 5 minutes if the pain continues up to 3 doses and then I will call 911 if the chest pain does not go away.": This statement reflects the standard emergency protocol for managing acute anginal episodes at home. It ensures the patient receives maximum pharmacological benefit while establishing a clear timeline for seeking emergency medical intervention. Adhering to this 15-minute window is crucial for preventing extensive myocardial damage.
B. "I take this medication at bedtime everything.": Nitroglycerin tablets are intended for the PRN treatment of acute chest pain, not as a scheduled nightly medication. Taking the drug without active symptoms can lead to significant hypotension and unnecessary side effects like headaches. Bedtime dosing is not the indicated use for sublingual nitroglycerin therapy.
C. "I will swallow the tablet whole with grapefruit juice.": Sublingual nitroglycerin must be dissolved under the tongue to bypass first-pass hepatic metabolism and enter the bloodstream rapidly. Swallowing the tablet significantly reduces its effectiveness and delays the onset of action during an ischemic event. Furthermore, grapefruit juice can interact with various cardiovascular medications and should be avoided.
D. "I take three tablets all at one time if I have chest pain.": Taking multiple doses simultaneously can cause a profound and dangerous drop in blood pressure. The doses must be spaced 5 minutes apart to allow the nurse or patient to evaluate the effectiveness and monitor for adverse effects. Proper titration is essential for safe and effective vasodilation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. IV fluid bolus of normal saline at 250 ml/hour: Administering a fluid bolus would be detrimental to a client already showing signs of volume overload, such as JVD and peripheral edema. This intervention would exacerbate the heart failure and worsen the client's respiratory distress. Fluid restriction is more likely indicated in this clinical scenario.
B. Furosemide and a calcium channel blocker: Furosemide will address the systemic edema and JVD by promoting diuresis and reducing fluid volume. A calcium channel blocker, such as diltiazem, is standard for rate control in atrial fibrillation to slow the ventricular response. This combination treats both the symptomatic fluid overload and the underlying arrhythmia.
C. Pantoprazole and digoxin: While digoxin can be used for rate control, pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor for gastric acid and does not address the client's primary cardiac issues. Digoxin alone would not treat the significant peripheral edema or JVD noted in the assessment. The primary goal is diuresis and rapid rate stabilization.
D. IV potassium and antibiotics: Antibiotics are used for bacterial infections, which are not suggested by the clear lung sounds and lack of fever. Potassium is only replaced if a deficit is confirmed via laboratory testing. These medications do not address the acute needs of a client in heart failure with a rapid heart rate.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Myocardial infarction: While this patient has significant cardiovascular risk factors, the clinical presentation does not describe acute substernal chest pain or EKG changes. The presence of 4+ peripheral edema and jugular venous distention points toward a chronic congestive process rather than acute coronary occlusion. Weight gain and exhaustion are symptoms of volume overload.
B. Left-sided heart failure: Left-sided failure typically presents with pulmonary congestion, characterized by crackles, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. While it often precedes right-sided failure, the specific findings of jugular distention and lower extremity edema are hallmarks of systemic venous congestion. This choice does not align with the predominant systemic symptoms described.
C. Acute pericarditis: Pericarditis usually presents with sharp, pleuritic chest pain that improves when leaning forward, often accompanied by a pericardial friction rub. It does not typically cause massive peripheral edema or rapid weight gain unless it progresses to cardiac tamponade. The clinical signs in the stem indicate high systemic venous pressure.
D. Right-sided heart failure: This condition results in the inability of the right ventricle to pump blood into the pulmonary circulation, causing systemic backup. Jugular venous distention, 4+ pitting edema, and rapid weight gain are classic signs of systemic venous hypertension. The exhaustion stems from decreased cardiac output during physical exertion.
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