A client with congestive heart failure reports waking up at night with sudden breathlessness and feeling the need to sit upright to breathe comfortably. The nurse should document this symptom as:
Orthopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Peripheral edema
Tachypnea
The Correct Answer is B
A) This choice is incorrect because orthopnea is a different symptom where the client experiences difficulty breathing while lying flat and finds relief by sitting upright or standing.
B) This choice is correct. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is characterized by sudden breathlessness that awakens the client from sleep, usually 1-2 hours after falling asleep. The client may feel the need to sit upright or dangle the legs to breathe comfortably.
C) This choice is incorrect because peripheral edema refers to swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet, which is a common symptom of congestive heart failure but does not match the client's reported symptom.
D) This choice is incorrect because tachypnea is rapid breathing and is not specifically related to the client's nighttime symptom of sudden breathlessness.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) This choice is incorrect because bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not a common adverse effect of furosemide, a loop diuretic.
B) This choice is incorrect because hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels) is not a common adverse effect of furosemide. In fact, furosemide can sometimes cause transient hypoglycemia.
C) This choice is correct. Hypotension (low blood pressure) is a potential adverse effect of furosemide due to its diuretic action. Furosemide causes the excretion of excess fluid, leading to a decrease in blood volume, which can result in hypotension.
D) This choice is incorrect because a dry, nonproductive cough is associated with ACE inhibitors, not furosemide.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) This choice is incorrect because while infections and viral illnesses can contribute to heart failure in some cases, they are not the leading causes of CHF. Hypertension and coronary artery disease are more common risk factors.
B) This choice is correct. Hypertension (high blood pressure) and coronary artery disease (narrowing or blockage of the heart's blood vessels) are the leading causes of CHF. Both conditions place increased stress on the heart and can lead to heart muscle damage and failure.
C) This choice is incorrect because while excessive physical exertion and overworking the heart can contribute to heart failure, they are not the primary causes of CHF. Underlying conditions like hypertension and coronary artery disease are more significant risk factors.
D) This choice is incorrect because anemia and low red blood cell count can impact heart function, but they are not the main causes of CHF. Hypertension and coronary artery disease are more commonly associated with the development of CHF.
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