A client with decreased urine output refractory to fluid challenges is evaluated for renal failure. Which condition may cause the intrinsic (intrarenal) form of acute renal failure?

Damage to cells in the adrenal cortex

Nephrotoxic injury secondary to use of contrast media

Obstruction of the urinary collecting system

Poor perfusion to the kidneys

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Damage to the adrenal cortex affects hormone production (like aldosterone and cortisol), not directly the kidney tissue.
B. Nephrotoxic injury from contrast media directly damages kidney tissues, specifically the nephrons, making it an intrarenal cause of acute renal failure.
C. Urinary collecting system obstruction is a postrenal cause of renal failure.
D. Poor kidney perfusion is a prerenal cause of acute renal failure, not intrinsic.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Weight loss occurs as a result of fluid removal during hemodialysis, which is one of the primary goals of the procedure.
B. Increased urine output is unlikely, as clients with chronic renal failure often have little to no urine output due to decreased kidney function.
C. Increased blood pressure is not expected; dialysis often helps reduce fluid volume and blood pressure.
D. Hematuria is not a typical result of hemodialysis unless there is another underlying issue.

A. Oxygen saturation 93% B. The client has a 5 lb. weight gain since yesterday. C. Flattened neck veins D. Return of skin to previous position when the client's shin is palpated

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Oxygen saturation of 93% may be slightly low but is not a definitive indicator of fluid overload on its own.
B. A 5 lb. weight gain in 24 hours strongly suggests fluid retention, which is a key sign of fluid overload in dialysis clients.
C. Flattened neck veins are more indicative of fluid volume deficit, not overload.
D. Normal skin turgor (return of skin to normal position) does not indicate fluid overload.

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A client with decreased urine output refractory to fluid challenges is evaluated for renal failure. Which condition may cause the intrinsic (intrarenal) form of acute renal failure?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with chronic renal failure (CRF) is receiving hemodialysis treatment. After hemodialysis, the nurse knows that the client is most likely to experience:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease and is receiving hemodialysis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is experiencing fluid overload?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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