A client with generalized anxiety disorder is prescribed buspirone. Which side effect should the nurse include in the client’s education?

Weight gain

Dizziness

Dry skin

Increased appetite

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Weight gain is not a common side effect of buspirone, which affects serotonin and dopamine receptors to reduce anxiety. It is more associated with antidepressants like SSRIs or mirtazapine, which alter metabolism or appetite, making this incorrect.

Choice B reason: Buspirone commonly causes dizziness due to its effects on serotonin and dopamine pathways, which can alter blood pressure or central nervous system function. This side effect is significant, as it impacts safety and requires client awareness, making it a key teaching point.

Choice C reason: Dry skin is not a recognized side effect of buspirone. This medication primarily affects neurological and gastrointestinal systems, not dermatological conditions, making this an irrelevant and incorrect side effect to include in client education.

Choice D reason: Increased appetite is not typically associated with buspirone. While some psychotropic medications affect appetite, buspirone’s primary side effects include dizziness and nausea, not appetite changes, making this an incorrect focus for client education.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: A lithium level of 1.2 mEq/L is within the therapeutic range (0.6–1.5 mEq/L) for bipolar disorder. Symptoms like confusion, ataxia, polyuria, and blurred vision indicate toxicity, which occurs at higher levels, typically above 1.5 mEq/L, making this level unlikely for these severe symptoms.

Choice B reason: A lithium level of 1.4 mEq/L is at the upper end of the therapeutic range. While mild side effects may occur, severe symptoms like mental confusion, ataxia, and polyuria suggest toxicity, which typically occurs at levels above 1.5 mEq/L, ruling out this option.

Choice C reason: A lithium level of 2.3 mEq/L indicates toxicity, causing neurological symptoms (confusion, ataxia), polyuria due to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and blurred vision from central nervous system effects. These symptoms align with lithium toxicity, which occurs at levels above 1.5 mEq/L, making this the expected level.

Choice D reason: A lithium level of 1.8 mEq/L is slightly above therapeutic range and may cause mild toxicity symptoms, such as tremor or nausea. However, the severe symptoms described (confusion, ataxia, polyuria) are more consistent with higher toxic levels, such as 2.3 mEq/L, making this less likely.

A. I will review the ingredients before using salt substitutes. B. If I feel unwell, it is okay that I miss a dose. C. It is okay if I feel dizzy when I stand after sitting for a while. D. It is okay to incorporate an unlimited amount of potatoes, bananas, and oranges in my diet.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Lisinopril can cause hyperkalemia due to reduced potassium excretion. Salt substitutes often contain potassium chloride, which can exacerbate this risk. Reviewing ingredients prevents excessive potassium intake, which could lead to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias, demonstrating proper understanding of dietary precautions.

Choice B reason: Missing a dose of lisinopril if feeling unwell is dangerous, as it may worsen hypertension or heart failure. Consistent dosing is critical to maintain therapeutic effects, and this statement indicates a misunderstanding requiring further teaching on medication adherence.

Choice C reason: Dizziness upon standing (orthostatic hypotension) is a side effect of lisinopril due to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. Accepting this as normal without reporting it could delay intervention for excessive hypotension, indicating a need for further education.

Choice D reason: Unlimited intake of high-potassium foods like potatoes, bananas, and oranges can lead to hyperkalemia in clients taking lisinopril, risking cardiac arrhythmias. This statement reflects a lack of understanding of dietary potassium restrictions, necessitating further teaching on safe dietary practices.

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A client with generalized anxiety disorder is prescribed buspirone. Which side effect should the nurse include in the client’s education?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

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