A client with polycystic kidney disease is prescribed the medication Tolvaptan. What should the nurse include when educating the client about this medication.

This medication increases the glomerular filtration rate.

This medication will prevent you from eventually needing a kidney transplant.

This medication slows the growth of renal cysts.

This medication can cause hyponatremia.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Tolvaptan does not increase the glomerular filtration rate. It actually works by blocking the action of a hormone that causes the kidneys to retain water, leading to increased urine output.
B.   While Tolvaptan can slow the progression of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and delay the need for dialysis or transplant, it does not guarantee prevention of these outcomes.
C.   Tolvaptan is used to slow the growth of kidney cysts in patients with PKD.
D.   Hyponatremia is a common side effect of Tolvaptan due to increased water loss through urine. However, this is not the primary role.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity. It's a common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever. Fluid discharge from the catheter site and an increased white blood cell count are also indicative of infection, supporting the diagnosis of peritonitis.
B. This is inflammation of the pericardium, the sac surrounding the heart. Symptoms typically include chest pain, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat.
C. This is inflammation of the pleura, the membranes surrounding the lungs. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and dry cough.
D. This would present with severe abdominal pain, hypotension, and signs of shock. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are not typical symptoms.

A. Controlled hypertension B. Alcohol abuse 3 years ago C. Refractory cardiovascular disease D. Hepatitis C infection

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Hypertension is a risk factor for kidney disease. However, it can often be managed with medication. Controlled hypertension is not typically a contraindication for a kidney transplant.
B. If the client has maintained sobriety for a significant period, it might not be a contraindication. A history of alcohol abuse would require careful evaluation but doesn't necessarily preclude transplantation.
C. This is a contraindication for kidney transplantation. Severe heart disease can significantly increase the risks associated with surgery and post-transplant care.
D. Hepatitis C can be a challenge but it's not an absolute contraindication. Many transplant centers have protocols for managing hepatitis C-positive recipients.

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A client with polycystic kidney disease is prescribed the medication Tolvaptan. What should the nurse include when educating the client about this medication.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient who performs dialysis at home using a catheter placed through the abdominal wall reports nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fluid discharge from the catheter site. The laboratory reports reveal an increased white blood cell count (WBC). Which condition does the nurse suspect in the patient?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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