A client with psoriasis returns to the clinic reporting the persistence of several silvery, scaly areas on the elbows and palms that frequently burn and sometimes bleed.
Which prescription should the nurse teach the client to use for the skin condition?
Colloidal oatmeal-based lotion.
Topical corticosteroids.
Topical analgesics.
Topical antifungal.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale:
Colloidal oatmeal-based lotion: While colloidal oatmeal can soothe and moisturize dry, itchy skin, it does not have the anti- inflammatory properties necessary to effectively treat the underlying inflammation of psoriasis.
It may provide temporary relief of symptoms, but it won't address the root cause of the condition.
Choice B rationale:
Topical corticosteroids: These medications are the mainstay of treatment for psoriasis. They work by reducing inflammation and slowing the growth of skin cells.
Topical corticosteroids come in a variety of strengths and formulations, including creams, ointments, gels, lotions, and sprays. The choice of formulation will depend on the severity of the psoriasis, the location of the lesions, and the patient's preferences. Choice C rationale:
Topical analgesics: Topical analgesics, such as lidocaine or benzocaine, can help to relieve pain and itching associated with psoriasis.
However, they do not address the underlying inflammation and are not a long-term solution for managing the condition. They are typically used as adjunctive therapy, in conjunction with other psoriasis treatments.
Choice D rationale:
Topical antifungals: Topical antifungal medications are used to treat fungal infections, such as ringworm and athlete's foot. They are not effective in treating psoriasis, which is an autoimmune condition, not a fungal infection.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) is a blood test that reflects a person's average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months. It's considered the gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes.
An HbA1C level of 8.29% is significantly elevated above the reference range of 4-5.99%, indicating a high probability of diabetes.
The patient's HbA1C has also increased from 7.59% three months ago, suggesting a worsening of glycemic control.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin production or action, or both.
Common symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds.
Early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes are crucial to prevent complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, nerve damage, and vision loss.
Choice B rationale:
Hypoglycemia refers to abnormally low blood glucose levels, typically below 70 mg/dL. It's often caused by excessive insulin or medication, missed meals, or strenuous exercise.
The patient's HbA1C level of 8.29% does not support a diagnosis of hypoglycemia.
Choice C rationale:
Hyperglycemia refers to abnormally high blood glucose levels, typically above 180 mg/dL. It can be caused by diabetes, stress, infection, or certain medications.
While the patient's HbA1C level does indicate hyperglycemia, it's specifically the pattern of elevated HbA1C over time that points to a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, rather than transient hyperglycemia.
Choice D rationale:
Prediabetes is a condition where blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. People with prediabetes are at increased risk of developing diabetes.
The patient's HbA1C level of 8.29% is above the threshold for prediabetes, which is typically 5.7-6.4%.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","E","F"]
Explanation
B. Place patient on oxygen 2 to 4 liters and maintain oxygen saturation at or above 95%.
Rationale:
Hypoxemia: Patients who have undergone cholecystectomy are at risk for developing hypoxemia due to various factors, including:
Atelectasis: Collapsed lung tissue can impair gas exchange, leading to low oxygen levels in the blood.
Pneumonia: A potential post-operative complication that can cause inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs, hindering oxygen uptake.
Pain: Post-surgical pain can inhibit deep breathing and coughing, which are essential for maintaining adequate lung function.
Oxygen Therapy: Supplementing oxygen helps to increase oxygen saturation and improve overall tissue oxygenation, reducing the strain on the heart and other organs.
Oxygen Saturation Goal: Maintaining oxygen saturation at or above 95% ensures that the patient's tissues are receiving sufficient oxygen to meet their metabolic needs.
C. Stat 2 views chest x-ray.
Rationale:
Chest X-ray: A valuable diagnostic tool that can visualize the lungs and surrounding structures, aiding in the assessment of: Atelectasis: Appears as areas of increased density on the x-ray, indicating collapsed lung tissue.
Pneumonia: May present as consolidation (solid white areas) or infiltrates (patchy areas of increased density) on the x-ray. Pleural effusion: Fluid accumulation in the pleural space, which can impair lung expansion and gas exchange.
Pneumothorax: Presence of air in the pleural space, which can cause lung collapse and respiratory distress.
Early Detection: Prompt identification of respiratory complications through chest x-ray allows for timely interventions and prevents further deterioration of the patient's condition.
E. Complete blood count (CBC), basic metabolic panel (BMP), and blood cultures.
Rationale:
CBC: Assesses for signs of infection or inflammation, including:
Elevated white blood cell count (leukocytosis) Increased neutrophils (neutrophilia)
Anemia (low red blood cell count)
BMP: Evaluates electrolyte and kidney function, which can be affected by infections and post-operative complications.
Blood Cultures: Determines the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream, allowing for identification of the causative organism and guiding appropriate antibiotic therapy.
F. Start the patient on antibiotic therapy.
Rationale:
Infection Risk: The patient's history of cholangitis and recent surgery increase the risk of infection. Prophylactic Antibiotics: Often administered after cholecystectomy to prevent post-operative infections.
Early Intervention: Prompt initiation of antibiotic therapy is crucial in managing infections and preventing serious complications such as sepsis.
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