A critically ill patient has faster and deeper, then slower, respirations. These are followed by a period of no breathing for 21 seconds with continuation of this cycle. This respiratory pattern is

Kussmaul's respirations.

Cheyne-Stokes respirations.

Biot's respirations.

Hyperventilation.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Kussmaul's respirations are rapid, deep, and labored breaths often seen in metabolic acidosis, which does not match the pattern described.
B.   Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by a pattern of deep and fast breathing followed by periods of apnea. This pattern is seen in patients with severe conditions like heart failure or brain injury.
C.   Biot's respirations are irregular, but the cycle does not have a distinct pattern of fast, slow, and apnea periods.
D.   Hyperventilation refers to an increased rate of breathing but does not involve the cycles of deep, slow, and apneic phases characteristic of Cheyne-Stokes.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Dyspnea refers to difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, which is not a normal breathing pattern.
B. Bradypnea is an abnormally slow rate of breathing, which is not normal unless it is related to certain medical conditions or medications.
C. Tachypnea refers to rapid breathing, which is often seen with fever, anxiety, or respiratory distress.
D. Eupnea refers to normal, unlabored breathing, which is the expected, healthy pattern of respiration in a resting state.

A. bell of the stethoscope on top of the patient's gown. B. diaphragm of the stethoscope directly on the patient's skin. C. diaphragm of the stethoscope on top of the patient's gown. D. bell of the stethoscope directly on the patient's skin.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The bell is used to detect low-pitched sounds, but abnormal heart sounds are often high-pitched, requiring the diaphragm.
B. The diaphragm of the stethoscope is best for detecting high-pitched heart sounds, such as murmurs or abnormal rhythms.
C. The diaphragm on top of the gown would create interference and prevent proper auscultation of heart sounds.
D. The bell is used for lower-pitched sounds and is not the best choice for auscultating abnormal heart sounds.

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A critically ill patient has faster and deeper, then slower, respirations. These are followed by a period of no breathing for 21 seconds with continuation of this cycle. This respiratory pattern is

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The normal pattern of breathing is described as

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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