A mother brings her 2-month-old daughter in for an examination and says, "My daughter rolled over against the wall, and now I have noticed that she has this spot that is soft on the top of her head. Is something terribly wrong?" How should the nurse respond?
"Perhaps that could be a result of your dietary intake during pregnancy."
"That 'soft spot' may be an indication of cretinism or congenital hypothyroidism."
"That 'soft spot is normal, and actually allows for growth of the brain during the first year of your baby's life."
"Your baby may have craniosynostosis, a disease of the sutures of the skull."
The Correct Answer is C
A. "Perhaps that could be a result of your dietary intake during pregnancy": This statement does not address the mother's concerns about the soft spot and shifts the focus away from the immediate issue. The soft spot, or fontanelle, is a normal anatomical feature and is not related to maternal dietary intake during pregnancy.
B. "That 'soft spot' may be an indication of cretinism or congenital hypothyroidism": This statement is misleading. While developmental delays can be associated with congenital hypothyroidism, the presence of a soft spot on a 2-month-old’s head is a normal finding, not a direct indication of a metabolic disorder.
C. "That 'soft spot' is normal, and actually allows for growth of the brain during the first year of your baby's life": This response provides accurate information about the anterior fontanelle, which is a normal feature in infants. The fontanelle allows for skull growth as the brain expands during the early months of life. It typically closes by 12-18 months of age.
D. "Your baby may have craniosynostosis, a disease of the sutures of the skull": This statement could cause unnecessary alarm for the mother. Craniosynostosis is a condition where one or more of the sutures in a baby’s skull fuse prematurely, but it would typically present with other signs such as an abnormal head shape. A soft spot on its own does not indicate this condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Maxillary sinuses reach full size after puberty: While maxillary sinuses continue to grow throughout childhood, they are present at birth and reach adult size during late adolescence. The frontal and sphenoid sinuses, rather than the maxillary, experience more significant postnatal development.
B. Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are the only sinuses present at birth: At birth, only the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses are developed. The frontal and sphenoid sinuses begin to develop later in infancy and childhood, with full maturation occurring in adolescence.
C. Frontal sinuses are fairly well developed at birth: Frontal sinuses do not develop until around 7 to 8 years of age and continue growing into adolescence. They are absent or rudimentary in newborns.
D. Sphenoid sinuses are full size at birth: The sphenoid sinuses begin developing around 2 to 3 years of age and continue growing into late childhood and adolescence. They are not present at birth.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Aorta- right atrium-right ventricle-lungs-pulmonary vein→ left atrium→ left ventricle→ vena cava: This sequence is incorrect because blood does not flow from the aorta to the right atrium; rather, the aorta carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body. The vena cava brings deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.
B. Vena cava-right atrium-right ventricle-lungs-pulmonary artery-left atrium-left ventricle: This sequence is incorrect because the blood does not flow from the lungs directly into the left atrium via the pulmonary artery; instead, blood from the lungs returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins.
C. Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary vein → lungs → pulmonary artery → left atrium → left ventricle: This sequence is incorrect because the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, not to the right ventricle.
D. Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle: This is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart. Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, then to the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs for oxygenation. After oxygenation, blood returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins and then flows into the left ventricle before being pumped out to the body through the aorta.
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