The sac that surrounds and protects the heart is called?

A. Listening as the patient inhales and then going to the next site during exhalation: This method is not ideal because it does not allow the nurse to assess both inhalation and exhalation at each site. It is important to listen to both phases of respiration to evaluate the quality of breath sounds accurately.

B. Instructing the patient to breathe in and out rapidly while listening to the breath sounds: Rapid breathing can alter breath sounds and may not provide an accurate assessment of normal respiratory patterns. The patient should breathe normally to ensure the nurse can correctly evaluate the breath sounds.

C. If the patient is modest, listening to sounds over his or her clothing or hospital gown: It is important to listen directly to the skin to obtain clear breath sounds. Clothing can muffle sounds and interfere with the accuracy of the assessment, so the nurse should ensure that the area is adequately exposed while maintaining the patient's modesty.

D. Listening to at least one full respiration in each location: This is the correct approach to auscultation. By listening to a full breath cycle at each auscultation site, the nurse can accurately assess the quality and characteristics of the breath sounds, including any abnormal findings.

A. Rubella: Rubella is a viral infection caused by the rubella virus, not a complication of untreated strep throat. It is unrelated to Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection and is prevented through vaccination.

B. Leukoplakia: Leukoplakia is a condition characterized by white patches on the mucous membranes, often associated with chronic irritation or tobacco use. It is not a complication of streptococcal pharyngitis.

C. Rheumatic fever: Untreated streptococcal throat infections caused by Group A Streptococcus can lead to rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease affecting the heart, joints, skin, and brain. This autoimmune response can result in rheumatic heart disease, which may cause permanent cardiac damage.

D. Scarlet fever: While scarlet fever can develop from strep throat, it is not a long-term complication but rather an acute reaction to the streptococcal toxin. The more serious complication of untreated strep throat is rheumatic fever, which can have lasting consequences, particularly for the heart.