A new mother is breastfeeding and concerned that she has no milk for baby. One way you can show her that she does have milk or colostrum is by teaching her:

Manual Expression

Massaging breast to bring milk to the nipple

Using a nipple shield

Keeping infant skin to skin

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Manual Expression:
Manual expression is an excellent way to show a new mother that she does have milk or colostrum. By gently massaging and expressing the breast, the mother can see or feel the small amount of colostrum being released. This helps reassure her that milk production has begun, even if it’s not abundant right away. Colostrum is often produced in small amounts during the first few days postpartum, and learning how to express it can provide immediate visual confirmation that milk is available for the baby.

B) Massaging breast to bring milk to the nipple:
While massaging the breast can help facilitate the milk ejection reflex (let-down), it doesn’t necessarily show the mother that she has milk. The milk flow may not be immediately visible without manual expression. The process of massaging can help increase milk flow over time but is not the most effective way to demonstrate the presence of colostrum in the immediate postpartum period.

C) Using a nipple shield:
A nipple shield can sometimes be used to help babies latch more effectively if there are latch issues, but it won’t directly show the mother that she has milk or colostrum. In fact, frequent use of a nipple shield without proper latching technique can interfere with establishing breastfeeding. It’s more important to help the mother with proper latching and positioning, along with demonstrating manual expression.

D) Keeping infant skin to skin:
Skin-to-skin contact is incredibly beneficial for bonding and promoting breastfeeding, as it stimulates the release of oxytocin and encourages the baby to latch. However, it does not directly show the mother that she has milk or colostrum. While it can help initiate milk production, manual expression provides a more direct and immediate way to demonstrate that milk is available.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Has at least six to eight wet diapers per day:
One of the most reliable signs of effective breastfeeding is adequate hydration and urine output, which can be assessed by the number of wet diapers. A well-fed infant should have at least six to eight wet diapers per day, indicating that they are taking in sufficient breast milk and are adequately hydrated. This is a key indicator of successful breastfeeding and helps to ensure that the baby is getting enough milk.

B) Sleeps for 6 hours at a time between feedings:
While it is normal for newborns to sleep, they should not go for long periods without feeding, especially in the early days of life. Newborns typically need to be fed every 2 to 3 hours, and a sleep pattern of 6 hours between feedings could be concerning, as it may indicate that the baby is not waking up frequently enough to eat. This could result in inadequate milk intake and dehydration. Breastfeeding on demand is important, and frequent feedings help to stimulate milk production.

C) Gains 1 to 2 ounces per week:
A typical weight gain for a newborn is about 4 to 7 ounces per week during the first few months of life. Gaining 1 to 2 ounces per week could be lower than expected, and while weight gain is an important indicator of breastfeeding effectiveness, it is not the most immediate or reliable sign in the first week, especially if the baby is otherwise feeding well and producing an adequate number of wet diapers.

D) Has at least one breast milk stool every 24 hours:
While it is normal for a newborn to have breast milk stools, the frequency can vary widely. Some infants may pass stools after every feeding, while others may have fewer. One stool every 24 hours is not necessarily a sign of inadequate breastfeeding, especially if the baby is having a good number of wet diapers. The stool pattern can differ from baby to baby, and as long as the infant is feeding well and producing sufficient wet diapers, stool frequency alone is not the best indicator of breastfeeding success.

A. It could make respiratory distress syndrome worse. B. Shivering to produce heat may use up too many calories. C. A low temperature may make the infant less able to digest nutrients. D. Cold decreases circulation to the extremities.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) It could make respiratory distress syndrome worse:
The most critical reason to protect a preterm infant from cold stress is that hypothermia can exacerbate respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Cold stress leads to an increased oxygen demand, which can worsen the infant’s already compromised respiratory function. In preterm infants, the immature lungs and underdeveloped surfactant production contribute to RDS, and hypothermia worsens the situation by increasing metabolic demands and impairing pulmonary function. Maintaining a stable body temperature is crucial for minimizing respiratory complications.

B) Shivering to produce heat may use up too many calories:
While it is true that preterm infants may not have the metabolic reserves to generate heat via shivering (as they lack significant brown fat), the primary concern is not shivering. Preterm infants generally do not shiver, and cold stress does not trigger this response. Instead, their body tries to conserve heat through vasoconstriction and increased metabolism, which can lead to hypoxia and worsening respiratory distress.

C) A low temperature may make the infant less able to digest nutrients:
Cold stress can affect a preterm infant’s gastrointestinal function by reducing blood flow to the digestive organs, which can impair nutrient absorption and digestion. However, the most immediate and serious consequence of cold stress is the increased metabolic demand and worsening of respiratory distress, rather than a direct impact on digestion. Protecting the infant from hypothermia helps prevent these secondary complications.

D) Cold decreases circulation to the extremities:
While cold stress can indeed lead to vasoconstriction and decreased circulation to the extremities, this is not the most significant concern. The primary issue with cold stress in preterm infants is the overall increase in metabolic demands, oxygen consumption, and exacerbation of respiratory problems, which can lead to more severe respiratory distress syndrome. The loss of peripheral circulation is a secondary concern.

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A new mother is breastfeeding and concerned that she has no milk for baby. One way you can show her that she does have milk or colostrum is by teaching her:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A postpartum woman telephones about her 6-day-old infant. She is not scheduled for, weight check until the infant is 10 days old, and she is worried about whether breastfeeding going well. Effective breastfeeding is best indicated by the newborn who:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The most important reason to protect the preterm infant from cold stress is that:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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