A newborn frequently experiences cyanosis, typically during crying or after feeding. Which cardiac diagnosis is supported by this history?
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
Atrial septal defect (ASD) .
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
A Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole in the wall separating the two lower chambers of the heart. While it can cause cyanosis, it would not typically cause cyanosis only during crying or after feeding.
Choice B rationale
An Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect is a combination of heart problems resulting in a defect in the center of the heart. While it can cause cyanosis, it would not typically cause cyanosis only during crying or after feeding.
Choice C rationale
Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare condition caused by a combination of four heart defects that are present at birth. These defects, which affect the structure of the heart, cause oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart and into the rest of the body. Infants and children with Tetralogy of Fallot usually have blue-tinged skin because their blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen. This is often more noticeable during episodes of crying or feeding.
Choice D rationale
An Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of your heart (atria). The condition is present at birth (congenital). Small defects might be found by chance and never cause a problem. Some small atrial septal defects close during infancy or early childhood. While it can cause cyanosis, it would not typically cause cyanosis only during crying or after feeding.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Diltiazem does not increase the contractile force of the heart. In fact, it is classified as a negative inotrope, meaning it decreases the force of heart contractions.
Choice B rationale
While diltiazem can affect heart rhythm, it does not specifically reduce heart palpitations. Its primary effect is to slow the heart rate and relax the blood vessels.
Choice C rationale
Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used to manage cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, chronic stable angina, atrial fibrillation, and Prinzmetal’s angina. It works by inhibiting the calcium influx into cardiac and vascular smooth muscle during depolarization. This results in vasodilation, or the widening of blood vessels, which can help decrease coronary artery spasms, a characteristic feature of Prinzmetal’s angina.
Choice D rationale
Diltiazem does not prevent the formation of plaque in the coronary arteries. It primarily acts to relax the blood vessels and slow the heart rate.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Bleeding from the gums is a sign of excessive bleeding, which can be a side effect of thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolytic agents work by dissolving blood clots, but they can also interfere with the body’s normal clotting mechanism, leading to bleeding. If a patient experiences unusual or excessive bleeding, it may be necessary to stop the infusion of the thrombolytic agent.
Choice B rationale
An increase in blood pressure is not typically a reason to stop the infusion of a thrombolytic agent in a patient with an acute myocardial infarction. While blood pressure should be monitored closely during thrombolytic therapy, an increase in blood pressure is not a common side effect.
Choice C rationale
A nonsustained episode of ventricular tachycardia is not typically a reason to stop the infusion of a thrombolytic agent in a patient with an acute myocardial infarction. While arrhythmias can occur during a myocardial infarction, they are not a common side effect of thrombolytic therapy.
Choice D rationale
A decreased level of consciousness can be a sign of many serious conditions, including bleeding in the brain. However, it is not typically a reason to stop the infusion of a thrombolytic agent unless it is accompanied by other signs of excessive bleeding.
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