A nurse cares for a client who presents with an acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Which prescribed medication should the nurse prepare to administer?
Baclofen (Lioresal).
Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron).
Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium).
Methylprednisolone (Medrol).
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Baclofen is a muscle relaxant used for spasticity in MS, not acute exacerbations. It acts on GABA receptors to reduce muscle tone but does not address the acute inflammatory demyelination causing exacerbations, requiring anti-inflammatory treatment.
Choice B reason: Interferon beta-1b is a disease-modifying therapy for MS, reducing relapse frequency by modulating immune responses. It is not used for acute exacerbations, as its effects are long-term, not rapid enough to treat acute inflammatory flares.
Choice C reason: Dantrolene sodium treats spasticity by inhibiting muscle calcium release but is not indicated for MS exacerbations. Acute flares involve immune-mediated demyelination, requiring corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, not muscle relaxants for symptom management.
Choice D reason: Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, is the standard treatment for acute MS exacerbations. It reduces inflammation and edema in demyelinated lesions, speeding recovery by suppressing immune-mediated damage to myelin sheaths, making it the appropriate medication for acute flares.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Early ambulation post-hip arthroplasty promotes venous blood flow, reducing stasis, a key factor in Virchow’s triad for thromboembolism. Muscle contractions enhance circulation, preventing clot formation in deep veins, significantly lowering the risk of pulmonary embolism.
Choice B reason: Fluid restriction does not prevent venous thromboembolism and may increase blood viscosity, promoting clot formation. Adequate hydration supports circulation, reducing stasis, making fluid restriction counterproductive for preventing thromboembolism in postoperative clients.
Choice C reason: Quadriceps-setting exercises activate muscle pumps in the legs, promoting venous return and reducing blood stasis. This mechanical action prevents clot formation in deep veins, making it an effective intervention to lower thromboembolism risk post-surgery.
Choice D reason: Compression stockings/devices apply external pressure, enhancing venous return and preventing blood pooling in the legs. This reduces stasis, a major risk factor for deep vein thrombosis, making them a standard preventive measure post-hip arthroplasty.
Choice E reason: Anticoagulants (e.g., heparin) inhibit clot formation by interfering with the coagulation cascade, reducing the risk of thromboembolism. They are critical post-hip arthroplasty, as surgery increases clotting risk due to endothelial damage and immobility.
Correct Answer is ["35"]
Explanation
Bryant’s traction is typically used for children who weigh under 35 pounds to avoid excessive pressure on the hips and ensure correct alignment.
Final answer = 35 pounds
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