A nurse cares for a client who presents with an acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Which prescribed medication should the nurse prepare to administer?
Baclofen (Lioresal).
Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron).
Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium).
Methylprednisolone (Medrol).
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Baclofen is a muscle relaxant used for spasticity in MS, not acute exacerbations. It acts on GABA receptors to reduce muscle tone but does not address the acute inflammatory demyelination causing exacerbations, requiring anti-inflammatory treatment.
Choice B reason: Interferon beta-1b is a disease-modifying therapy for MS, reducing relapse frequency by modulating immune responses. It is not used for acute exacerbations, as its effects are long-term, not rapid enough to treat acute inflammatory flares.
Choice C reason: Dantrolene sodium treats spasticity by inhibiting muscle calcium release but is not indicated for MS exacerbations. Acute flares involve immune-mediated demyelination, requiring corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, not muscle relaxants for symptom management.
Choice D reason: Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, is the standard treatment for acute MS exacerbations. It reduces inflammation and edema in demyelinated lesions, speeding recovery by suppressing immune-mediated damage to myelin sheaths, making it the appropriate medication for acute flares.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["50"]
Explanation
Step 1 is: Volume to be infused 300 mL
Step 2 is: Drop factor is 10 gtt/mL 300 × 10 = 3000 drops
Step 3 is: (3000 ÷ 60) = 50 Result = 50 drops per minute
Final answer = 50 drops/minute
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Two weeks of antibiotics is insufficient for osteomyelitis, a bone infection requiring prolonged therapy to penetrate bone tissue and eradicate bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus). Short courses risk recurrence or chronic infection, as bone has poor vascularity, slowing antibiotic delivery.
Choice B reason: Osteomyelitis in children typically requires 4–6 weeks of antibiotics to ensure complete bacterial eradication from bone tissue, which has limited blood supply. This duration allows adequate penetration to prevent relapse or complications like abscesses, making it the standard treatment length.
Choice C reason: Two months (8 weeks) exceeds the typical 4–6 week course for uncomplicated pediatric osteomyelitis. Prolonged therapy may be needed for chronic cases or complications, but 6 weeks is sufficient for most acute cases, avoiding unnecessary antibiotic exposure.
Choice D reason: Three months is excessive for most cases of acute osteomyelitis in children. Such extended therapy is reserved for chronic osteomyelitis or resistant organisms, increasing risks of antibiotic resistance or side effects like renal toxicity without added benefit.
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